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銆€銆€鍗婅“鏈燂細t1/2=0.693/k.
銆€銆€绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴︼細钘ョ墿鍦ㄩ€g簩(x霉)鎭掗€熺郸钘�(濡傞潨鑴堣几娉�)鎴栧垎娆℃亽閲忕郸钘ョ殑閬庣▼涓�,琛€钘ユ績搴︽渻閫愭几澧為珮, 缍�(j墨ng)4锝�5鍊嬪崐琛版湡鍙仈绌�(w臎n)瀹氳€屾湁鏁堢殑琛€钘ユ績搴�锛屾鏅傝棩鐗╁惛鏀堕€熷害鑸囨秷闄ら€熷害閬斿埌骞宠 锛岃钘ユ績搴︾浉灏嶇┅(w臎n)瀹氬湪涓€瀹氭按骞筹紝閫欐檪鐨勮钘ユ績搴︾ū鐐虹┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴�锛屼篃绋卞潽鍊�銆�
銆€銆€姝ら椤屽共鏌愯棩鐨勫崐琛版湡鏄�7h锛屽墖閬斿埌绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴︽墍闇€鏅傞枔鏄�4×7锝�5×7h,鍗�28锝�35h.
銆€銆€姣忔棩缍寔閲忕檪娉� 锛�
銆€銆€灏嶇梾鎯呬笉鎬ョ殑蹇冨姛鑳戒笉鍏�锛岀洰鍓嶅偩鍚戜簬灏忓姂閲忕董鎸佺檪娉�锛屽嵆姣忔棩绲︾董鎸侀噺锛岀稉(j墨ng)4锝�5鍊嬪崐琛版湡锛岄仈绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴﹁€岀櫦(f膩)鎻不鐧備綔鐢�锛屽彲娓涘皯涓瘨鐧�(f膩)鐢熺巼銆傚鍦伴珮杈涳紝t1/2鐐�40h锛屾瘡鏃�0.25mg(0.125锝�0.375mg)锛�6锝�7鏃ラ仈鍒扮┅(w臎n)瀹氳€屾湁鏁堢殑娌荤檪琛€钘ユ績搴︺€傝厧鍔熻兘娓涢€€鑰�銆佽€佷汉瀹滄笡閲�銆傜己琛€鎬у績鑷熺梾銆佸績鑲岀梾鍙婅偤婧愭€у績鑷熺梾绛夋偅鑰�锛屽姂閲忎篃鎳�(y墨ng)閰屾笡锛岄€欐槸鍥犵偤蹇冭倢缂鸿銆佺己姘ф檪灏嶅湴楂樿緵鐨勮€愬彈鎬ч檷浣�銆�
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銆€銆€闂�(gu膩n)浜庝簩姘亥瑙掑牽鍙渶瑷樻喍濡備笅鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
銆€銆€鎿村嫉琛€绠¤棩 浜屾矮楹ヨ鍫块櫎鍋剁櫦(f膩)鍢斿悙銆侀牠鐥涘锛岄倓浣胯鍔涙ā绯婅€岀湅涓嶆竻璺硜銆�
銆€銆€6銆佹寜涓€绱氬嫊鍔涘娑堥櫎鐨勮棩鐗�锛屾寜涓€瀹氭檪闁撻枔闅旈€g簩(x霉)绲︿簣涓€瀹氬姂閲�锛岄仈鍒扮┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴︽檪闁撻暦鐭焙瀹氫簬
銆€銆€A.鍔戦噺澶у皬
銆€銆€B.绲﹁棩娆℃暩(sh霉)
銆€銆€C.鍚告敹閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)
銆€銆€D.琛ㄨ鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳
銆€銆€E.娑堥櫎閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E
銆€銆€娑堥櫎閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鏄柈浣嶆檪闁撳収(n猫i)澶栦締鍖栧悎鐗╁緸楂斿収(n猫i)鐨勬秷闄ら噺鑸囬珨鍏�(n猫i)绺介噺鐨勬瘮鍊�(Kc)銆傛槸姣掔墿鍕曞姏瀛哥殑甯哥敤鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屽柈浣嶇偤鏅傞枔鐨勫€掓暩(sh霉)锛屽Kc=0.1h-1琛ㄧず楂斿収(n猫i)瑭插渚嗗寲鍚堢墿姣忓皬鏅傛湁10%琚秷闄�銆�
銆€銆€涓€绱氬嫊鍔涘娑堥櫎锛歵1/2 =0.693/K锛宼1/2 鑸囩郸钘ュ姂閲忕劇闂�(gu膩n)锛岀┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴﹀埌閬旀檪闁撲笉鏈冨姞蹇�锛岄兘鏄稉(j墨ng)閬�5t1/2鍊嬪悗锛屽鍔犲姂閲忓氨鏈冨皫(d菐o)鑷寸┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴﹀崌楂樸€�
銆€銆€閫欓噷鐨凨鎸囩殑灏辨槸娑堥櫎閫熷害甯告暩(sh霉)!
銆€銆€閬斿埌绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴︽檪闁撳儏鍙栨焙浜庤棩鐗╃殑鍗婅“鏈�?
銆€銆€鏄殑锛屼絾鏄伕闋呬腑娌掓湁鍗婅“鏈�銆�
銆€銆€涓€绱氬嫊鍔涘涓崐琛版湡鐢辨秷闄ら€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)姹哄畾锛屽叐鑰呮垚鍙嶆瘮銆傛墍浠ラ伕E娑堥櫎閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)涔熷皪銆�
銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勮婕垮崐琛版湡t1/2鏄寚琛€婕胯棩鐗╂績搴︿笅闄嶄竴鍗婃墍闇€瑕佺殑鏅傞枔锛屾槸鑷ㄥ簥纰哄畾绲﹁棩闁撻殧闀风煭鐨勯噸瑕佸弮鏁�(sh霉)涔嬩竴銆傚ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)钘ョ墿鎸変竴绱氬嫊鍔涘娑堥櫎锛屽叾琛€婕垮崐琛版湡鏄竴鎭掑畾鍊硷紝鑸囪棩鐗╃殑娑堥櫎閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鎴愬弽姣�锛岃€岃垏钘ョ墿鐨勫姂閲忓拰婵冨害鐒¢棞(gu膩n)銆�
銆€銆€鎶戝埗閬庢哀鍖栫墿閰剁殑鏄粈涔堣棩?
銆€銆€纭劜椤炵~姘у槯鍟堕鍖呮嫭鐢茬~姘у槯鍟�銆佷笝纭哀鍢у暥
銆€銆€鐢茬~姘у槯鍟�銆佷笝纭哀鍢у暥,钘ョ悊浣滅敤:涓昏鎶戝埗鐢茬媭鑵哄収(n猫i)鐨勯亷姘у寲鐗╅叾鎵€浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勯叒姘ㄩ吀鐨勭鍖栧拰鍋惰伅(li谩n)锛岃€岃棩鐗╁墖浣滅偤閬庢哀鍖栭叾鐨勫簳鐗╄纰樺寲锛屼娇姘у寲纰樹笉鑳借垏閰皑閰哥祼(ji茅)鍚堢敓鎴怣IT鍜孌IT锛孧IT鍜孌IT涓嶈兘鍋惰伅(li谩n)鎴怲3鍜孴4锛屽緸鑰屾姂鍒剁敳鐙€鑵烘縺绱犵殑鐢熺墿鍚堟垚銆備笉褰遍熆纰樼殑鏀濆彇锛屼篃涓嶅奖闊垮凡鍚堟垚婵€绱犵殑閲嬫斁鍜岀櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢�銆傛墍浠ョ敤钘ュ悗闋堝緟宸插悎鎴愮殑鐢茬媭鑵烘縺绱犺娑堣€楀悗鎵嶈兘瀹屽叏鐢熸晥锛屼竴鑸敤钘�2锝�3鍛ㄧ敳鐙€鑵哄姛鑳戒孩閫茬櫏鐙€闁嬪娓涜紩锛�1锝�3鍊嬫湀鍩虹(ch菙)浠h瑵鐜囨墠鎭㈠京(f霉)姝e父銆傞暦鏈熺敤钘ュ悗锛岀敱浜嶵3鍜孴4姘村钩涓嬮檷锛屽彲鍙嶉鎬у鍔燭SH鐨勫垎娉岃€屽紩璧疯吅楂斾唬鍎熸€у鐢�锛岃吅楂旇偉澶�銆佸厖琛€锛岀敋鑷崇敘(ch菐n)鐢熷杩櫏鐙€銆傛澶�锛岀~鑴查灏氭湁鍏嶇柅鎶戝埗浣滅敤锛岃兘杓曞害鎶戝埗鍏嶇柅鐞冭泲鐧界殑鐢熸垚锛屼娇琛€寰挵(hu谩n)涓敳鐙€鑵哄埡婵€鎬у厤鐤悆铔嬬櫧闄嶄綆銆傚洜鐢茬媭鑵哄姛鑳戒孩閫茬殑鐧�(f膩)鐥呰垏鐣板父鍏嶇柅鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛屾墍浠ユ湰椤炶棩鐗╅櫎鎺у埗鐢茬媭鑵哄姛鑳戒孩閫茬櫏鐙€澶�锛屽皪鐥呭洜涔熸湁涓€瀹氱殑娌荤檪浣滅敤銆�
銆€銆€涓嬪垪闂�(gu膩n)浜嶵4鍜孴3鐨勮棩鐞嗙壒鎬�锛屾纰虹殑鏄�
銆€銆€AT4鐨勪綔鐢ㄥぇ浜嶵3
銆€銆€B琛€涓互T3鐐轰富
銆€銆€CT3浣滅敤寮蜂簬T4
銆€銆€DT3缍寔鏅傞枔闀蜂簬T4
銆€銆€ET3T4鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)鍙互鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�
銆€銆€閬窩 T3鍚告敹蹇�,浣滅敤寮疯€屽揩,娑堥櫎鎱�; T4浣滅敤鎱㈣€屽急,缍寔鏅傞枔闀�
銆€銆€T3铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)瑕拰鍔涘急锛屾墍浠ユ父闆㈢媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬瘮杓冨锛屾墍浠ヤ綔鐢ㄥ挤(C姝g⒑)锛屼絾鏄叾鍗婅“鏈熸瘮T4鐭紝鎵€浠ョ董鎸佹檪闁撴瘮T4鐭�(鎵€浠閷�)
銆€銆€B锛氳涓噳(y墨ng)瑭蹭互T4鐐轰富锛岀敳鐙€鑵哄垎娉孴4杓冨
銆€銆€E锛歍3鍜孴4鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)骞舵矑鏈変粙绱瑰彲浠ヤ簰鐩歌綁(zhu菐n)鍖�;
銆€銆€7銆佹亽閲忔亽閫熺郸钘ユ渶鍚庡舰鎴愮殑琛€钘ユ績搴︾偤
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銆€銆€B.绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴�
銆€銆€C.宄版績搴�
銆€銆€D.闁炬績搴�
銆€銆€E.涓瘨婵冨害
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€8銆佽棩鐗╁惛鏀跺埌閬旇婕跨┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)婵冨害鏅傛剰鍛宠憲
銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿浣滅敤鏈€寮�
銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鍚告敹閬庣▼宸插畬鎴�
銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿娑堥櫎閬庣▼姝i枊濮�
銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿鐨勫惛鏀堕€熷害鑸囨秷闄ら€熺巼閬斿埌骞宠
銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鍦ㄩ珨鍏�(n猫i)鍒嗗竷閬斿埌骞宠
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴�:钘ョ墿鍦ㄩ€g簩(x霉)鎭掗€熺郸钘�(濡傞潨鑴堣几娉�)鎴栧垎娆℃亽閲忕郸钘ョ殑閬庣▼涓�锛岃钘ユ績搴︽渻閫愭几澧為珮锛� 缍�(j墨ng)4锝�5鍊嬪崐琛版湡鍙仈绌�(w臎n)瀹氳€屾湁鏁堢殑琛€钘ユ績搴�锛屾鏅傝棩鐗╁惛鏀堕€熷害鑸囨秷闄ら€熷害閬斿埌骞宠 锛岃钘ユ績搴︾浉灏嶇┅(w臎n)瀹氬湪涓€瀹氭按骞�.
銆€銆€鍥犳锛岄伕闋匔涓嶆纰猴紝钘ョ墿娑堥櫎閬庣▼涓嶆槸姝i枊濮�锛屽湪钘ョ墿鍚告敹鍒伴仈琛€婕跨┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)婵冨害鍓嶅氨宸茬稉(j墨ng)浠h瑵娑堥櫎锛屽埌閬旇婕跨┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)婵冨害鏅�锛屽惛鏀堕€熷害鑸囨秷闄ら€熷害閬斿埌骞宠 銆�
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銆€銆€A鏅悩娲涚埦
銆€銆€B纭濋吀鐢樻补
銆€銆€C缍媺甯曠背
銆€銆€D闆欏槯閬旇帿
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銆€銆€B涔欓叞鍞戣兒
銆€銆€C姘隘鍣诲棯
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銆€銆€B.k/0.693
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銆€銆€D.k/2.303
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銆€銆€13銆侀潨鑴堟敞灏�1g鏌愯棩锛屽叾琛€钘ユ績搴︾偤10mg/dl锛屽叾琛ㄨ鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳鐐�
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銆€銆€B.2L
銆€銆€C.5L
銆€銆€D.10L
銆€銆€E.20L
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銆€銆€Vd=D/c0=1/10-1=10L
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銆€銆€1g/10mg/dl=10L
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2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│鑰冪侗璁婂寲瑙h畝
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銆€銆€B.琛€婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堢巼
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€B.鍒嗗竷
銆€銆€C.璨瓨
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銆€銆€E.鎺掓硠
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€A.璧锋晥蹇參
銆€銆€B.浠h瑵蹇參
銆€銆€C.鍒嗗竷绋嬪害
銆€銆€D.浣滅敤鎸佺簩(x霉)鏅傞枔
銆€銆€E.琛€婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堢巼
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
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銆€銆€41銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庤棩鐗╁惛鏀剁殑鏁樿堪涓尟瑾ょ殑鏄�
銆€銆€A.鍚告敹鏄寚钘ョ墿寰炵郸钘ラ儴浣嶉€插叆琛€娑插惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯亷绋�
銆€銆€B.鐨笅鎴栬倢娉ㄧ郸钘ラ€氶亷姣涚窗琛€绠″鍚告敹
銆€銆€C.鍙f湇绲﹁棩閫氶亷棣栭亷娑堥櫎鑰屼娇鍚告敹娓涘皯
銆€銆€D.鑸屼笅鎴栫洿鑵哥郸钘ュ彲鍥犻閬庢秷闄よ€岄檷浣庤棩鏁�
銆€銆€E.鐨啔绲﹁棩澶у鏁�(sh霉)钘ョ墿閮戒笉鏄撳惛鏀�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
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銆€銆€42銆佷笝纾鸿垝鍙互澧炲姞闈掗湁绱犵殑鐧傛晥銆傚師鍥犳槸
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銆€銆€B.鍏╄€呯鐖厧灏忕鐨勫垎娉岄€氶亾
銆€銆€C.灏嶇窗鑿屼唬璎濇湁闆欓噸闃绘柗浣滅敤
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€鍥犳锛屼笝纾鸿垝鍙互澧炲姞闈掗湁绱犵殑鐧傛晥銆傚師鍥犳槸B.鍏╄€呯鐖厧灏忕鐨勫垎娉岄€氶亾.
銆€銆€43銆侀吀鍖栧翱娑叉檪锛屽彲浠ヤ娇寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╃稉(j墨ng)鑵庢帓娉勬檪
銆€銆€A.瑙i洟澶氾紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺锛屾帓鍑烘參
銆€銆€B.瑙i洟灏戯紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺锛屾帓鍑烘參
銆€銆€C.瑙i洟灏戯紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺皯锛屾帓鍑哄揩
銆€銆€D.瑙i洟澶氾紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺皯锛屾帓鍑哄揩
銆€銆€E.瑙i洟澶氾紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺皯锛屾帓鍑烘參
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€1.鍫垮寲灏挎恫鍙娇寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╃殑闈炶В闆㈠瀷澧炲姞锛岃В闆㈠瀷娓涘皯锛岄噸鍚告敹澧炲锛屽緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷存帓娉勬笡鎱�銆�
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銆€銆€44銆佸急閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪鍫挎€у翱娑蹭腑
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銆€銆€C.瑙i洟澶�锛屽啀鍚告敹灏戯紝鎺掓硠蹇�
銆€銆€D.瑙i洟灏�锛屽啀鍚告敹灏�锛屾帓娉勫揩
銆€銆€E.瑙i洟澶�锛屽啀鍚告敹澶�锛屾帓娉勫揩
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
銆€銆€鍫垮寲灏挎恫鍙娇寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╃殑闈炶В闆㈠瀷澧炲姞锛屾帓娉勫皯;
銆€銆€鍫垮寲灏挎恫鍙娇寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╃殑瑙i洟鍨嬪鍔�锛屾帓娉勫揩銆�
銆€銆€45銆佸牽鍖栧翱娑插彲浣垮急鍫挎€ц棩鐗�
銆€銆€A.瑙i洟灏戯紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺锛屾帓娉勬參
銆€銆€B.瑙i洟澶氾紝鍐嶅惛鏀跺皯锛屾帓娉勬參
銆€銆€C.瑙i洟灏�锛屽啀鍚告敹灏戯紝鎺掓硠蹇�
銆€銆€D.瑙i洟澶�锛屽啀鍚告敹澶�锛屾帓娉勬參
銆€銆€E.鎺掓硠閫熷害涓嶈畩
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A
銆€銆€鍫垮寲灏挎恫鍙娇寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╃殑闈炶В闆㈠瀷澧炲姞锛屾帓娉勫皯;
銆€銆€鍫垮寲灏挎恫鍙娇寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╃殑瑙i洟鍨嬪鍔�锛屾帓娉勫揩銆�
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€C.0.01%
銆€銆€D.10%
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€3.5=7.5-lg[A-]/[HA]
銆€銆€-lg[A-]/[HA]=-4
銆€銆€[A-]/[HA]=104
銆€銆€[HA]/[A-]=1锛�104=1锛�10000
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銆€銆€B.0.1
銆€銆€C.0.01
銆€銆€D.0.001
銆€銆€E.0.0001
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銆€銆€鍗筹紝瑙i洟鍨嬶細闈炶В闆㈠瀷=1锛�1000
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銆€銆€濡傛煇寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╃殑pKa=4.4锛岀敤Henderson-Hasseslbalch鍏紡瑷堢畻锛屽叾鍦ㄨ婕�(pH7.4)涓垎瀛愬瀷鑸囬洟瀛愬瀷钘ョ墿鐨勬瘮鐐�0.001锛�1锛岃€屽湪鑳冩恫(pH1.4)涓墖鐐�1000锛�1銆傜敱浜庡垎瀛愬瀷鍙互璺ㄨ啘鎿存暎锛岃€岄洟瀛愬瀷涓嶈兘锛岄仈骞宠 鏅傝娑插拰鑳冧腑绺界殑钘ョ墿婵冨害姣旂偤1000锛�1銆傞€欑ó椤炲瀷钘ョ墿鍦ㄨ儍涓富瑕佸緸鑳冨悜琛€婕胯綁(zhu菐n)閫�锛屽鏄撳惛鏀�銆傝€屽皪浜庡急鍫挎€ц棩鐗�锛岃嫢pKa=4.4锛屽墖鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐩稿弽鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�锛屽嵆鍦ㄨ婕夸腑(pH7.4锛�)鍒嗗瓙鍨嬭垏闆㈠瓙鍨嬬殑姣旂偤1锛�0.001锛岃€屽湪鑳冩恫(pH1.4)涓墖鐐�1锛�1000锛氭摯鏁i仈骞宠 鏅傝娑插拰鑳冧腑绺界殑钘ョ墿婵冨害姣旂偤1锛�1000锛岃棩鐗╀笉鑳藉惛鏀�锛岃€屼笖鍙敱琛€婕垮悜鑳冭綁(zhu菐n)閬嬨€�
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銆€銆€姝ら鏍规摎(j霉)pKa=pH-lg[A-]/[HA]锛�
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銆€銆€鍗砙A-]/[HA]=10-3锛�
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銆€銆€E.琛ㄨ鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳
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銆€銆€50銆佹煇寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╁湪pH=7.0鐨勬憾娑蹭腑90%瑙i洟锛屽叾pKa鍊肩磩鐐�
銆€銆€A.6
銆€銆€B.5
銆€銆€C.7
銆€銆€D.8
銆€銆€E.9
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A
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銆€銆€[A-][HA] 鍒嗗垾浠h〃瑙i洟鐨勮棩鐗╃殑閲忓拰鏈В闆㈢殑钘ョ墿鐨勯噺
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銆€銆€浠e叆鏁�(sh霉)鍊煎嵆鏈塸Ka=7.0-lg90%=7.0-lg9≈7.0-1=6
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銆€銆€
銆€銆€寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗�:pKa=pH-log[A-]/[HA]
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銆€銆€pKa=pH-log[A-]/[HA]=7-log(90%/10%)=7-log9=7-0.95=6
銆€銆€瑙i洟搴�=6
銆€銆€姝g⒑鐨勫叕寮忔槸
銆€銆€閰告€у叕寮忔槸锛歅Ka-PH=lg [HA] / [A-] 鐩哥暥浜� PH-PKa=lg[A-]/[HA]
銆€銆€鍫挎€у叕寮忔暀鏉愪笂鏄纰虹殑锛歅Ka=PH+lg[BH+]/[B]
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銆€銆€A.2
銆€銆€B.3
銆€銆€C.4
銆€銆€D.5
銆€銆€E.6
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
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銆€銆€B.99%瑙i洟鏅傜殑pH鍊�
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€閲嶅惛鏀讹細钘ョ墿→鑵庡皬鐞冩烤閬�銆佽厧灏忕鍒嗘硨→鑵庡皬绠″収(n猫i)→闅ㄥ翱娑茬殑婵冪府琚噸鍚告敹銆傞噸鍚告敹鏄鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮亷绋�銆傚叾閲嶅惛鏀舵湁涓诲嫊鍜岃鍕曞叐绋鍨�銆傚ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)钘ョ墿涓昏鏄鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屽叾閲嶅惛鏀剁▼搴﹀彇姹轰簬钘ョ墿鐨勮剛婧舵€у拰瑙i洟搴�
銆€銆€鑰岃厧灏忕鍒嗘硨澶ч儴鍒嗗彲浠ヨ獚鐐烘槸涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮亷绋�!
銆€銆€琚嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫湰韬笉闇€瑕佹秷鑰楄兘閲�锛屾槸鐗╄唱(zh矛)闋嗘績搴︽搴﹀拰(鎴�)闆讳綅姊害閫茶鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�;
銆€銆€涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫槸娑堣€楄兘閲忕殑銆侀€嗘績搴︽搴﹀拰(鎴�)闆讳綅姊害鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆�
銆€銆€55銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庤棩鐗╀富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑鏁樿堪閷鐨勬槸
銆€銆€A.瑕佹秷鑰楄兘閲�
銆€銆€B.鍙彈鍏朵粬鍖栧鍝佺殑骞叉摼
銆€銆€C.鏈夊寲瀛哥祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭壒鐣版€�
銆€銆€D.鍙兘闋嗘績搴︽搴﹁綁(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€E.杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮€熷害鏈夐=鍜岀従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫寚钘ョ墿涓嶄緷璩磋啘鍏╁伌(c猫)婵冨害宸殑璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬�锛岃┎杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑鐗瑰緛鐐洪€嗘績搴﹀樊鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛岄渶鍊熷姪鐗规畩杓夐珨锛屾秷鑰楄兘閲�锛屾湁椋藉拰鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝钘ョ墿涔嬮枔鏈夌鐖€ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�銆�
銆€銆€56銆佹槗鍖栨摯鏁g殑鐗归粸鏄�
銆€銆€A.涓嶈€楄兘锛岄爢婵冨害宸�锛岀壒鐣版€ч珮锛岀劇绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€B.涓嶈€楄兘锛岄爢婵冨害宸紝鐗圭暟鎬т笉楂�锛屾湁绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€C.鑰楄兘锛岄爢婵冨害宸�锛岀壒鐣版€ч珮锛屾湁绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€D.涓嶈€楄兘锛岄爢婵冨害宸�锛岀壒鐣版€ч珮锛屾湁绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€E.杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮€熷害鐒¢=鍜岀従(xi脿n)璞�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€鏄撳寲鎿存暎涔熺ū杓夐珨杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶紝鏄€熷姪鑶滃収(n猫i)鐗规畩杓夐珨鐨勪竴绋綁(zhu菐n)閬嬫柟寮�锛屼絾涓嶉渶瑕佽兘閲忥紝瀛樺湪椋藉拰鎬�锛屾湁杓冮珮鐨勭壒鐣版€�锛岃棩鐗╀箣闁撴湁绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞°€�
銆€銆€鏄爢婵冨害宸�锛屾晠涓嶈€楄兘銆傜瓟妗堟槸姝g⒑鐨�
銆€銆€57銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)钘ョ墿绨″柈鎿存暎鐨勬晿杩伴尟瑾ょ殑鏄�
銆€銆€A.涓嶆秷鑰楄兘閲�
銆€銆€B.闇€瑕佽級楂�
銆€銆€C.涓嶅彈椋藉拰闄愬害鐨勫奖闊�
銆€銆€D.鍙楄棩鐗╁垎瀛愰噺澶у皬銆佽剛婧舵€�銆佹サ鎬х殑褰遍熆
銆€銆€E.鎿存暎閫熷害鑸囪啘鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆侀潰绌嶅強鑶滃叐鍋�(c猫)鐨勬績搴︽搴︽湁闂�(gu膩n)
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€绨″柈鎿存暎鐐鸿鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑涓€绋�銆傝鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬫槸鎸囪棩鐗╁緸楂樻績搴︿竴鍋�(c猫)鍚戜綆婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑閬庣▼锛屽叾杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑涓昏鍕曞姏鏄啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊銆�
銆€銆€琚嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑鐗归粸鏄笉闇€瑕佽級楂�锛屼笉娑堣€楄兘閲�锛岀劇椋藉拰鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝钘ョ墿涔嬮枔娌掓湁绔剁埈鎬ф姂鍒剁従(xi脿n)璞�銆�
銆€銆€鍗€(q奴)鍒嗚鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪拰涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑瑕侀粸鏄細婵冨害姊害;鏄惁闇€瑕佽兘閲�;鏈夌劇椋藉拰绔剁埈鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�
銆€銆€琚嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶細闋嗘績搴︽搴�锛屼笉闇€瑕佽兘閲�锛岀劇椋藉拰鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�
銆€銆€涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶細閫嗘績搴︽搴︼紝闇€瑕佽兘閲忚級楂�锛屾湁椋藉拰鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰绔剁埈鎶戝埗銆�
銆€銆€58銆佽剛婧舵€ц棩鐗╁湪楂斿収(n猫i)閫氶亷鐢熺墿鑶滅殑鏂瑰紡鏄�
銆€銆€A.涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€B.绨″柈鎿存暎
銆€銆€C.鏄撳寲鎿存暎
銆€銆€D.鑶滃瓟婵鹃亷
銆€銆€E.闆㈠瓙閫氶亾杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€瑷樻喍鎬х煡璀橀粸
銆€銆€绨″柈鎿存暎灞簬琚嫊鎿存暎锛屼絾鏄椤屾矑鏈夐€欏€嬮伕闋�锛屼綍娉佺啊鍠摯鏁f洿婧栫⒑锛屾墍浠ラ伕B闋�銆�
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銆€銆€绨″柈鎿存暎鍙堢ū鑴傛憾鎿存暎锛屾寚澶栨簮鍖栧鐗╁緸婵冨害楂樺伌(c猫)鐩存帴绌块亷鐢熺墿鑶滃悜婵冨害浣庡伌(c猫)閫茶鐨勬摯鏁f€ц綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屾槸澶栨簮鍖栧鐗╅€氶亷鐢熺墿鑶滅殑涓昏鏂瑰紡銆備笉鑰楄兘锛岀劇杓夐珨銆�
銆€銆€鍠磾鎿存暎锛氫笉鑰楄兘锛岀劇杓夐珨銆�
銆€銆€婵鹃亷锛氳棩鐗╁垎瀛愬€熷姪娴侀珨闈滃鎴栨徊閫忓闅ㄩ珨娑查€氶亷绱拌優鑶滅殑姘存€ч€氶亾鐢辩窗鑳炶啘鐨勪竴鍋�(c猫)鍒伴仈鍙︿竴鍋�(c猫)绋辩偤婵鹃亷銆傞渶瑕佽級楂�銆�
銆€銆€鏄撳寲鎿存暎锛氱敱杓夐珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�銆佺敱閫氶亾浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁c€傞渶瑕佽級楂�銆�
銆€銆€鍦ㄦ锛屾偍闇€瑕佺悊瑙h啘鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑姒傚康锛�
銆€銆€鑶滃嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶細閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滅殑涓诲嫊璁婂舰灏囪棩鐗╂敐鍏ョ窗鑳炲収(n猫i)鎴栧緸绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)閲嬫斁鍒扮窗鑳炲鐨勯亷绋�銆�
銆€銆€鑶滃嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬪彲鍒嗙偤鑳為2鍜屽悶鍣綔鐢ㄣ€�
銆€銆€鑳為2鍜屽悶鍣細绮橀檮浜庣窗鑳炶啘涓婄殑鏌愪簺钘ョ墿锛岄毃钁楃窗鑳炶啘鍚戝収(n猫i)鍑归櫡鑰岃鍖呭叆灏忔场鍏�(n猫i)锛岄毃鍗冲皬娉¤垏绱拌叇鑶滄柗闆㈤€插叆绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)鐨勯亷绋嬬ū鐐鸿優椋�銆傚悶鍣線寰€鎸囩殑鏄敐鍙栧浐楂旈绮掔媭鐗╄唱(zh矛)銆�
銆€銆€绨″柈鎿存暎鍙堢ū鑴傛憾鎿存暎锛屾寚澶栨簮鍖栧鐗╁緸婵冨害楂樺伌(c猫)鐩存帴绌块亷鐢熺墿鑶滃悜婵冨害浣庡伌(c猫)閫茶鐨勬摯鏁f€ц綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屾槸澶栨簮鍖栧鐗╅€氶亷鐢熺墿鑶滅殑涓昏鏂瑰紡銆備笉鑰楄兘锛岀劇杓夐珨銆�
銆€銆€鍥犳锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭茬偤绨″柈鎿存暎銆�
銆€銆€59銆佹偅鑰呴珮鐔辩櫦(f膩)鐢熼鍘ユ檪锛岄渶鐢ㄥ湴瑗挎钞绶婃€ユ惗鏁戯紝鏈€閬╁疁鐨勭郸钘ラ€斿緫鏄�
銆€銆€A.鑸屼笅绲﹁棩
銆€銆€B.鐨笅娉ㄥ皠
銆€銆€C.鑲屽収(n猫i)娉ㄥ皠
銆€銆€D.闈滆剤娉ㄥ皠
銆€銆€E.鏍撳姂绲﹁棩
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€鏈閲嶅湪鑰冩煡褰遍熆钘ユ晥鐨勫洜绱�銆備笉鍚岀郸钘ラ€斿緫鍙奖闊胯棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤锛岃棩鏁堝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鏅傞枔寰炲揩鍒版參锛屼緷娆$偤锛氶潨鑴堟敞灏�銆佽倢鍏�(n猫i)娉ㄥ皠銆佺毊涓嬫敞灏�銆佸彛鏈嶃€傜穵鎬ユ惗鏁戞檪鐐虹洝蹇櫦(f膩)鎻棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤鎳�(y墨ng)閬搁潨鑴堢郸钘ラ€斿緫銆�
銆€銆€60銆佽倽鑵稿惊鐠�(hu谩n)瀹氱京鏄�
銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鍦ㄨ倽鑷熷拰灏忚吀闁撳線杩斿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯亷绋�
銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鍦ㄨ倽鑷熷拰澶ц吀闁撳線杩斿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯亷绋�
銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鍦ㄨ倽鑷熷拰鍗佷簩鎸囪吀闁撳線杩斿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯亷绋�
銆€銆€D.钘ョ墿缍�(j墨ng)鍗佷簩鎸囪吀鍚告敹鍚�锛岀稉(j墨ng)鑲濊嚐杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栧啀鍏ヨ琚惛鏀剁殑閬庣▼
銆€銆€E.钘ョ墿鑷喗姹佹帓娉勫埌鍗佷簩鎸囪吀鍚�锛屽湪鑵搁亾琚啀鍚告敹鍙堝洖鍒拌倽鑷熺殑閬庣▼
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E
銆€銆€鑰冩煡閲嶉粸鏄倽鑵稿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫畾缇�銆備竴浜涜棩鐗╂垨浠h瑵鐗╄兘寰炶倽绱拌優涓诲嫊鍦拌綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪埌鑶芥眮涓�锛岀稉(j墨ng)鑶芥眮鎺掓硠鍏ュ崄浜屾寚鑵革紝鍐嶈鍚告敹锛岄€欑ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞″彨鑲濊吀寰挵(hu谩n)銆�
銆€銆€61銆佹煇钘ョ殑鍗婅“鏈熺偤8h锛屼竴娆$郸钘ュ悗寰為珨鍏�(n猫i)鍩烘湰娑堥櫎(绱�97%)鐨勬檪闁撴槸
銆€銆€A.绱�30h
銆€銆€B.绱�40h
銆€銆€C.绱�50h
銆€銆€D.绱�70h
銆€銆€E.绱�90h
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€閫欏€嬪湪鏁欐潗涓婃湁鍊嬪叿楂旂殑瑷堢畻锛屽鏋�97%娑堥櫎鐨勮┍锛屾簴纰虹殑鏄噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸5鍊嬪崐琛版湡;
銆€銆€1-(1/2)5=96.875%
銆€銆€绱旀暩(sh霉)瀛哥殑鏉辫タ灏变笉绲︽偍瑙i噵浜�
銆€銆€鑸夊€嬩緥瀛�锛�1鍊嬪崐琛版湡锛屾秷闄ょ殑钘ラ噺鏄�锛�50%锛屼篃灏辨槸1-1/2=50%
銆€銆€2鍊嬪憿灏辨槸1-(1/2)2=1-1/4=75%
銆€銆€浠ユ椤炴帹鍗冲彲寰楀嚭涓婇潰鐨勮▓绠楋細1-(1/2)5=96.875%
銆€銆€62銆佹焙瀹氳棩鐗╄捣鏁堝揩鎱㈢殑鏈€涓昏鍥犵礌鏄�
銆€銆€A.鐢熺墿鍒╃敤搴�
銆€銆€B.鍊嬮珨宸暟
銆€銆€C.鍚告敹閫熷害
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銆€銆€D.鐫″墠鍙f湇
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€闆剁礆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄€熷害涓嶅彈鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閲忕殑褰遍熆銆�
銆€銆€<5>銆佽棩鐗╃殑琛ㄨ鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳鍙栨焙浜�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
銆€銆€琛ㄨ鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳鏄寚鐣惰棩鐗╁湪楂斿収(n猫i)閬斿嫊鎱�(t脿i)骞宠 鍚�锛岄珨鍏�(n猫i)钘ラ噺鑸囪钘ユ績搴︿箣姣斿€肩ū鐐鸿〃瑙€鍒嗗竷瀹圭⿳銆傚彧鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)钘ョ墿鍒嗗竷鐨勫唬娉涚▼搴︽垨钘ョ墿鑸囩祫绻旂祼(ji茅)鍚堢殑绋嬪害锛岀劇鐩存帴鐨勭敓鐞嗘剰缇┿€俈d灏忕殑钘ョ墿鑸囪婕胯泲鐧界祼(ji茅)鍚堝銆傛墍浠ョ瓟妗堟纰�銆�
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銆€銆€C.5鍊�
銆€銆€D.7鍊�
銆€銆€E.9鍊�
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€<2>銆佷竴娆¢潨娉ㄧ郸钘ュ悗缍�(j墨ng)閬庡咕鍊嬭婕垮崐琛版湡锛岃嚜姗熼珨鎺掗櫎绱�95%
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
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銆€銆€B.涓嶆槗缍�(j墨ng)绨″柈鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€C.瀹规槗缍�(j墨ng)涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬭法鑶�
銆€銆€D.涓嶅鏄撶稉(j墨ng)涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬭法鑶�
銆€銆€E.浠ヤ笂閮戒笉灏�
銆€銆€<1>銆佸急閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑姣斿湪鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A
銆€銆€涓€鑸綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪氨鏄寚鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屾椤屼富瑕佹槸閰稿牽鎬х殑鍟忛锛屼竴鑸惛鏀朵篃鏄竴鍊嬭法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑閬庣▼;
銆€銆€鑰屾椤岃€冪殑鏄彟澶栦竴鍊嬬煡璀橀粸锛岄潪瑙i洟鍨嬬殑钘ョ墿瀹规槗璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€閲濆皪姝ら瑷樹綇涓€鍊嬭(gu墨)寰嬶細閰搁吀鍫垮牽鏄撳惛鏀�锛岀偤浠€涔堟槗鍚告敹锛屽洜鐐哄叾鏄潪瑙i洟鍨�(鑴傛憾鎬х殑);鍏烽珨鍚京鏄細閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€т笅涓嶆槗瑙i洟(鑴傛憾鎬�)锛屽鏄撹鍚告敹;鑰岄吀鎬ц棩鐗╁鏋滃湪鍫挎€ф浠朵笅鍓囧鏄撹В闆�锛屼笉鏄撹鍚告敹!
銆€銆€绨″柈鍦拌锛屼笉鏄撹В闆�(鑴傛憾鎬�)褰㈠紡鐨勯潪瑙i洟鍨嬪鏄撻€氶亷鑴傝唱(zh矛)鑶�锛岄€茶绨″柈鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬�;瀹规槗瑙i洟锛岃В闆㈠悗鐨勭殑闆㈠瓙锛岄€嗘績宸樊绉诲嫊闆㈠瓙锛岄€茶涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�銆�
銆€銆€澶氭暩(sh霉)钘ョ墿鐐哄急閰告€ф垨寮卞牽鎬ф湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿锛屽湪婧舵恫涓互闈炶В闆㈠瀷鍜岃В闆㈠瀷瀛樺湪銆傞潪瑙i洟鍨嬬殑钘ョ墿锛氳剛婧舵€ч珮锛岃兘璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬�锛屾績搴﹀樊鍍呭皪闈炶В闆㈠瀷钘ョ墿鑰岃█;瑙i洟鍨嬭棩鐗╋細鑴傛憾鎬т綆锛屼笉鑳介€氶亷鑴傝唱(zh矛)鑶�銆�
銆€銆€鑴傛憾鎬ц秺楂橀€氶€忔€ц秺澶�锛屾按婧舵€ц秺楂橀€氶€忔€ц秺灏�;闈炴サ鎬у垎瀛愭瘮妤垫€у鏄撻€忛亷锛屽皬鍒嗗瓙姣斿ぇ鍒嗗瓙瀹规槗閫忛亷銆傚叿鏈夋サ鎬х殑姘村垎瀛愬鏄撻€忛亷鏄洜姘村垎瀛愬皬锛屽彲閫氶亷鐢辫啘鑴傞亱鍕曡€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闁撻殭銆�
銆€銆€閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€т笅涓嶆槗瑙i洟(鑴傛憾鎬�)锛屽鏄撹鍚告敹;鑰岄吀鎬ц棩鐗╁鏋滃湪鍫挎€ф浠朵笅鍓囧鏄撹В闆�锛屼笉鏄撹鍚告敹!
銆€銆€涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮渶瑕佽兘閲忚垏杓夐珨铔嬬櫧鐨勯€嗘績搴︽搴︾殑鍒嗗瓙绌胯啘閬嬪嫊銆傚鑵搁粡鑶滅窗鑳炲緸绯栨績搴︿綆鐨勮吀鑵旀敐鍙栬憽钀勭硸鐨勯亷绋�銆傜窗鑳為€氶亷鏈韩鐨勬煇绋€楄兘閬庣▼锛岄€嗘績宸樊绉诲嫊鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙鎴栭洟瀛愮殑閬庣▼銆�
銆€銆€涓嶆槗瑙i洟(鑴傛憾鎬�)褰㈠紡鐨勯潪瑙i洟鍨嬪鏄撻€氶亷鑴傝唱(zh矛)鑶滐紝閫茶绨″柈鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬�;瀹规槗瑙i洟锛岃В闆㈠悗鐨勭殑闆㈠瓙锛岄€嗘績宸樊绉诲嫊闆㈠瓙锛岄€茶涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�銆�
銆€銆€寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗�锛屽湪閰告€т笅锛岃В闆㈡槸寰堝皯鐨�锛屾墍浠ュ惛鏀跺ソ;(绨″柈鎿存暎)
銆€銆€鑰屽急鍫挎€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑瀹规槗鎴愰菇锛屽嵆寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑瑙i洟澶�锛岄洟瀛愬瀷鐨勫澶氾紝鎵€浠ュ惛鏀朵篃娓涘皯銆�(涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�)
銆€銆€寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑绨″柈鎿存暎;寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�銆�
銆€銆€<2>銆佸急鍫挎€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑姣斿湪鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€<3>銆佸急鍫挎€ц棩鐗╁湪鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑姣斿湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A
銆€銆€寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╁湪PH浣�(閰告€�)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑闈炶В闆㈠瀷姣斾緥楂�锛岃剛婧舵€ч珮锛屽鏄撹法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛�
銆€銆€寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╁湪PH浣�(閰告€�)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑闈炶В闆㈠瀷姣斾緥浣庯紝鑴傛憾鎬т綆锛屼笉鏄撹法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屽弽涔嬩害鐒躲€�
銆€銆€涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶細閫嗘績搴︽搴�锛岄渶瑕佽兘閲忚級楂�锛屾湁椋藉拰鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰绔剁埈鎶戝埗銆�
銆€銆€涓诲嫊閬嬭几?sh霉)濂舵敻c鏄細
銆€?銆佸€岄弶鑸涘繊鑽�?閫嗗寲瀛告搴�)閬嬭几;
銆€?銆佽皼鏋邦€h姲?鐢盇TP鐩存帴渚涜兘)鎴栬垏閲嬫斁鑳介噺鐨勯亷绋嬪伓鑱�(li谩n)(鍗�(xi茅)鍚岄亱杓�)锛屽苟灏嶄唬璎濇瘨鎬ф晱鎰�;
銆€?銆侀劚鍔犱紤d楂旇泲鐧斤紝渚濊炒浜庤啘閬嬭几?sh霉)闉�?
銆€?銆佽姭鍝傜緸x鎿囨€у拰鐗圭暟鎬с€�
銆€銆€鏄撲簬璺ㄨ啘鍜屼笉鏄撴摯鑾槸閲濆皪鎿存暎閬嬪嫊鐨�銆�
銆€銆€鍙hǎ鑱�(li谩n)绯伙細閰搁吀鍫垮牽淇冨惛鏀�锛岄吀鍫垮牽閰镐績鎺掓硠銆�
銆€銆€閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪閰告€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑瀹规槗鍚告敹锛岃€屽湪鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑瀹规槗鎺掓硠锛岃€屽牽鎬ц棩鐗╁墰濂界浉鍙�!璜嬫偍瑷樹綇閫欏€嬪彛瑷�
銆€銆€1.寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╁湪鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑澶ч儴鍒嗗憟娓搁洟鎱�(t脿i)锛岃€屾父闆㈡厠(t脿i)鐨勮棩鐗╂槗閫氶亷绱拌優鑶�锛岀啊鍠摯鏁f槸涓嶈€楄兘鐨勮鍕曡法鑶滈亷绋嬶紝鎵€浠ラ伕A銆�
銆€銆€2.鏍规摎(j霉)浠ヤ笂鐨勫彛瑷d笉瀹滃惛鏀剁殑锛屾墍浠ユ槸涓嶆槗缍�(j墨ng)绨″柈鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€3.鍒╃敤涓婇潰鐨勫彛瑷�锛屼篃鏄鏄撳惛鏀剁殑锛屽氨鏄鏄撶稉(j墨ng)绨″柈鎿存暎杞�(zhu菐n)閬�
銆€銆€7銆丄.鍦ㄨ儍涓В闆㈠澶�锛岃嚜鑳冨惛鏀跺澶�
銆€銆€B.鍦ㄨ儍涓В闆㈡笡灏�锛岃嚜鑳冨惛鏀跺澶�
銆€銆€C.鍦ㄨ儍涓В闆㈡笡灏�锛岃嚜鑳冨惛鏀舵笡灏�
銆€銆€D.鍦ㄨ儍涓В闆㈠澶氾紝鑷儍鍚告敹娓涘皯
銆€銆€E.娌掓湁璁婂寲
銆€銆€<1>銆佸急鍫挎€ц棩鐗╄垏鎶楅吀钘ュ悓鏈嶆檪锛屾瘮鍠崹鏈嶇敤
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
銆€銆€寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╄垏鎶楅吀钘ュ悓鏈嶆檪锛屾姉閰歌棩鏈冧腑鍜岃儍閰革紝娓涘急鑳冪殑閰告€�锛岀浉灏嶄簬鍠崹鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ檪閰稿牽灏嶆瘮瑕佸急锛屾墍浠ユ帓娉勭殑娓涘皯锛屽惛鏀剁殑澧炲銆�
銆€銆€閰告€ц棩鐗╄垏涔嬪悓鐢ㄧ浉鐣朵簬閰稿牽淇冩帓娉�銆�
銆€銆€鍫挎€ц棩鐗╄垏涔嬪悓鐢ㄧ浉鐣朵簬鍫垮牽淇冨惛鏀�銆�
銆€銆€闆㈣В鍙堢ū瑙i洟锛屽湪鍖栧涓�锛屾寚鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瑁傝€屽舰鎴愰洟瀛愭垨鍘熷瓙鍦樼殑閬庣▼
銆€銆€褰遍熆鍥犵礌:
銆€銆€1)楂旀恫鐨刾H鍊煎拰钘ョ墿闆㈣В搴�銆傜窗鑳炲収(n猫i)娑�7.0锛屽7.4锛屽急閰告€ц棩鐗╁湪鍋忓牽鎬у娑蹭腑瑙i洟澶�锛屾槗寰炶優鍏�(n猫i)鍚戣優澶栬綁(zhu菐n)閬嬶紝寮卞牽鎬ц棩鐗╁墖鐩稿弽銆�
銆€銆€2)琛€婕胯泲鐧界巼锛氬叿鏈夐=鍜屾€�(琛€婕跨櫧铔嬬櫧閲忔湁闄�锛屼笖鍙楄倽鑷熷姛鑳藉奖闊�)鍜屽彲閫嗘€�(鏆檪鍎插瓨)
銆€銆€3)鍣ㄥ畼琛€娴侀噺锛氬啀鍒嗗竷
銆€銆€4)绲勭箶瑕拰鍔�
銆€銆€5)灞忛殰
銆€銆€<2>銆佸急閰告€ц棩鐗╄垏鎶楅吀钘ュ悓鏈嶆檪锛屾瘮鍠崹鏈嶇敤
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
銆€銆€鎶楅吀钘ヨ兘涓拰鑳冮吀锛屼娇鑳冩恫PH鍊煎崌楂樺亸鍚戝牽鎬�;寮遍吀鎬ц棩鐗╁湪鍋忓牽鎬т腑瑙i洟澧炲锛岃€岃В闆㈡厠(t脿i)鐨勮棩鐗╀笉鏄撻€氶亷鑳冨锛屾墍浠ュ惛鏀舵笡灏�銆�
銆€銆€鎮ㄤ篃鍙互瑷橀€欐ǎ涓€鍙ヨ┍“閰搁吀鍫垮牽淇冨惛鏀讹紝閰稿牽鍫块吀淇冩帓娉�”
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銆€銆€<2>銆侀仈宄版檪闁撴槸
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細B
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銆€銆€<3>銆佹竻闄ょ巼
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
銆€銆€<4>銆佺┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)琛€钘ユ績搴︽槸
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E
銆€銆€閲嶅湪鑰冩煡涓婅堪灏堟キ(y猫)琛�(sh霉)瑾炵殑绺褰㈠紡銆�
銆€銆€13銆丄.钘ョ墿鐨勫惛鏀�
銆€銆€B.钘ョ墿鐨勫垎甯�
銆€銆€C.钘ョ墿鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)閬�
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銆€銆€<1>銆佽棩鐗╁湪楂斿収(n猫i)鐨勭敓鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫ū鐐�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細E
銆€銆€<2>銆佽棩鐗╁強鍏朵唬璎濈墿鑷娑叉帓鍑洪珨澶栫殑閬庣▼鏄�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細D
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細C
銆€銆€<4>銆佽棩鐗╁緸绲﹁棩閮ㄤ綅杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮€插叆琛€娑插惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯亷绋嬫槸
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細A
銆€銆€閲嶅湪鑰冩煡钘ョ墿鍚告敹銆佸垎甯�銆佷唬璎�銆佹帓娉�銆佹秷闄ょ瓑琛�(sh霉)瑾炵殑瀹氱京
绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�
2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│鐢ㄦ浉鍚勭鏁欐潗璁婂寲瑙f瀽鍖附
2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│澶х侗鍖附锛堟柊鐗堬級
2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧鑰冭│鑰冪侗璁婂寲瑙h畝
鍏ㄥ湅鍚勫湴2015鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│婧栬€冭瓑鎵撳嵃鏅傞枔鍖附
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鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍¢啱(y墨)瀛歌€冭│缍�(w菐ng)鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氬鏋滄偍鍦ㄦ閬庣▼涓亣鍒颁换浣曠枒鍟�锛岃珛鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍¢啱(y墨)瀛歌€冭│璜栧锛岄毃鏅傝垏寤eぇ鑰冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!
銆€銆€涓�銆佸闋呴伕鎿囬
銆€銆€1銆佸奖闊胯棩鐗╁緸鑵庢帓娉勯€熷害鐨勫洜绱犳槸
銆€銆€A.钘ョ墿鐨勮剛婧舵€�
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銆€銆€E.鑵庡姛鑳�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ACDE
銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勬椿鎬у奖闊垮叾钘ョ悊浣滅敤锛屽拰鍏跺浣曟帓娉勬矑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
銆€銆€涓€鑸儏娉佷笅锛岃剛婧舵€у皬銆佹按婧舵€уぇ銆佹サ鎬уぇ鐨勮棩鐗╀笉鏄撳湪鑵庨噸鍚告敹锛屽洜鑰屾槗浜庨€氶亷鑵庤嚐鎺掑嚭銆�
銆€銆€妤垫€э細绱拌優鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎴栫墿璩�(zh矛)鍒嗗竷褰㈡垚杌告€ф搴�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熶笉灏嶇ū妤电殑鐗规€с€�
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銆€銆€2銆佸柈娆″彛鏈嶇郸钘ョ殑钘ユ檪鏇茬窔鏈夊涓嬬壒榛�
銆€銆€A.鏇茬窔涓婂崌娈电偤鍚告敹鐩�锛屾鐩镐腑鍚告敹閫熺巼澶т簬娑堥櫎閫熺巼
銆€銆€B.鏇茬窔涓枔娈电偤骞宠 鐩革紝姝ょ浉涓惛鏀堕€熺巼绛変簬娑堥櫎閫熺巼
銆€銆€C.鏇茬窔涓嬮檷娈电偤娑堥櫎鐩�锛屾鐩镐腑鍚告敹閫熺巼灏忎簬娑堥櫎閫熺巼
銆€銆€D.瑭叉洸绶氬張鍙垎鐐轰笁鏈燂細娼涗紡鏈熴€佹湁鏁堟湡銆佹畼鐣欐湡
銆€銆€E.鏈夋晥鏈熺浉鐣朵簬骞宠 鐩�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD
銆€銆€鍠鍙f湇绲﹁棩鍚庢檪鐨勬洸绶氬彲鍒嗙偤涓夌浉锛屽叾涓洸绶氱殑涓枔娈电偤骞宠 鐩�锛屾鏅傝棩鐗╃殑鍚告敹閫熺巼鍜屾秷闄ら€熺巼鐩哥暥锛岄珨鍏�(n猫i)钘ラ噺閬斿埌鏆檪鐨勫嫊鎱�(t脿i)骞宠 锛岃棩鐗╁惛鏀跺拰娑堥櫎鐨勯€熺巼姹哄畾浜嗘湁鏁堟湡鐨勯暦鐭�;E鐨勮娉曟噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鏈夋晥鏈熺浉鐣朵簬骞宠 鐩哥殑鏅傞枔銆�
銆€銆€3銆佽棩鐗╄婕垮崐琛版湡
銆€銆€A.鑸囧埗瀹氳棩鐗╃郸钘ユ柟妗堟湁闂�(gu膩n)
銆€銆€B.鑸囪(di脿o)鏁磋棩鐗╃郸钘ユ柟妗堟湁闂�(gu膩n)
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銆€銆€D.鑸囦簡瑙h棩鐗╄嚜楂斿収(n猫i)娑堥櫎鐨勯噺鍙婃檪闁撴湁闂�(gu膩n)
銆€銆€E.鑸囧彛鏈嶇郸钘ョ殑宄版績搴︽湁闂�(gu膩n)
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD
銆€銆€A.鑸囧埗瀹氳棩鐗╃郸钘ユ柟妗堟湁闂�(gu膩n)(渚嬪锛氭牴鎿�(j霉)鍗婅“鏈燂紝鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ⒑瀹氱郸钘ユ鏁�(sh霉)锛屽崐琛版湡闀风殑锛岀郸钘ユ鏁�(sh霉)灏�)
銆€銆€B.鑸囪(di脿o)鏁磋棩鐗╃郸钘ユ柟妗堟湁闂�(gu膩n)(渚嬪锛氭牴鎿�(j霉)鐥呮儏鐨勫ソ杞�(zhu菐n)鎴栨儭鍖栵紝鎴戝€戣瑾�(di脿o)鏁寸敤钘�锛岄渶瑕佽€冩叜瑾�(di脿o)鏁村悗鐨勮棩鐗╁崐琛版湡锛屼互閲嶆柊纰哄畾绲﹁闁撻殧)
銆€銆€鍦ㄨō(sh猫)瑷堢郸钘ユ柟妗堟檪鍗婅“鏈熷彲鐢ㄤ簬浼扮畻閬旂┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)鏅傞枔銆佺┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)婵冨害銆佽矤鑽峰姂閲�锛屽苟鍙摎(j霉)姝ゆ彁鍑哄悎鐞嗙殑绲﹁棩闁撻殧銆備笉鍚岃棩鐗╃殑鍗婅“鏈熷樊鍒ュ緢澶�锛屽父瑕�(gu墨)钘ョ墿鎸夊崐琛版湡鐨勯暦鐭彲鍒嗙偤瓒呭揩閫熸秷闄ら銆佸揩閫熸秷闄ら銆佷腑閫熸秷闄ら銆佹參閫熸秷闄ら鍜岃秴鎱㈤€熸秷闄ら浜旈銆傜偤淇濊瓑钘ョ墿鏈夋晥琛€钘ユ績搴︾殑缍寔鏅傞枔锛屽皪浜庢不鐧傛寚鏁�(sh霉)澶х殑钘ョ墿锛屽湪涓€瀹氬姂閲忎笅鍙欢闀风郸钘ラ枔闅旀檪闁�;灏嶄簬瓒呭揩閫熸秷闄ゅ拰蹇€熸秷闄ょ殑钘ョ墿浠ラ潨鑴堟淮娉ㄧ偤瀹�;灏嶄簬鎱㈤€熸秷闄よ棩鐗╁拰瓒呮參閫熸秷闄よ棩鐗╁彲姣忓ぉ绲﹁棩涓€娆★紝浣垮湪绲﹁棩闁撻殧鍏�(n猫i)琛€钘ユ績搴︾殑娉㈠嫊鑼冨湇涓嶅ぇ;灏嶄簬涓€熸秷闄ょ殑钘ョ墿锛屽彲鎸夊崐琛版湡鐨勯暦鐭綔鐐虹郸钘ョ殑闁撻殧鏅傞枔锛屼竴鑸嚚搴婃帹钖︾郸钘ユ柟娉曟槸棣栨鍔戦噺鍔犲€嶏紝浠ュ悗鎸夋瘡鍊嬪崐琛版湡绲﹁棩涓€娆′綔鐐虹董鎸侀噺銆傛澶�锛岄倓鏍规摎(j霉)钘ョ墿鐨勪唬璎濆拰浣滅敤鐗归粸纰哄畾绲﹁棩闁撻殧銆�
銆€銆€鍙f湇绲﹁棩鐨勫嘲婵冨害涓昏鏄窡绲﹁棩鍔戦噺闂�(gu膩n)绯绘瘮杓冨ぇ!鑰岃窡鍗婅“鏈熸矑鏈夊繀鐒剁殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�!鍗婅“鏈熷奖闊垮叾閶搁綊鐙€鍦栧舰鐨勯嫺榻掗牷鐜�!
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銆€銆€B.琛ㄧず钘ョ墿鑷楂旀秷闄ょ殑閫熺巼
銆€銆€C.鍏舵暩(sh霉)鍊艰秺灏�锛岃〃鏄庤綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮€熺巼瓒婃參
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細BE
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細BCDE
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銆€銆€鏄撳寲鎿存暎涔熼渶瑕佺壒娈婅級楂�銆�
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銆€銆€B.鑵庡皬鐞冩烤閬�
銆€銆€C.鑵庡皬绠¢噸鍚告敹
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銆€銆€E.閫氶亷娑堝寲閬撻粡鑶�
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCE
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銆€銆€鎿存暎閫熺巼婵冨害姊害姝f瘮锛岄倓鏈夊叾浠栧奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
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銆€銆€2.婵鹃亷
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銆€銆€3.鏄撳寲鎿存暎
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銆€銆€B.鏈夌鐖€ф姂鍒�
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銆€銆€E.涓嶆秷鑰桝TP
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細DE
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銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬫柟寮忥紝鎸夊叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)涓嶅悓鍙垎鐐哄叐澶ч锛氫竴銆佽鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�,涔熺ū琚嫊鎿存暎锛屽嵆钘ョ墿寰炴績搴﹂珮鐨勪竴鍋�(c猫)鍚戞績搴︿綆鐨勪竴鍋�(c猫)鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆傝綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪嫊鍔涗締鑷啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊锛岀暥鑶滃叐鍋�(c猫)钘ョ墿婵冨害閬斿埌骞宠 鏅�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪嵆鍋滄銆傚畠涓嶈€楄兘銆佷笉闇€瑕佽級楂�銆佷笉鍙楅=鍜岄檺閫熷強绔剁埈鎶戝埗鐨勫奖闊�銆傝鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪張鍒嗙偤鍏╃ó鎯呮硜锛�(涓€)鑴傛憾鎿存暎;(浜�)鑶滃瓟鎿存暎.浜屻€佽級楂旇綁(zhu菐n)閬�,鏄寚钘ョ墿棣栧厛鑸囩敓鐗╄啘涓婄浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮級楂旂祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屽啀灏囪棩鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪埌鑶滅殑鍙︿竴鍋�(c猫)鐨勯亷绋�銆傜敱浜庨渶瑕佽級楂斿弮鑸囷紝鏁呮湁椋藉拰闄愰€熷強绔剁埈鎶戝埗銆傝級楂旇綁(zhu菐n)閬嬫柟寮忎富瑕佹湁(涓€)涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬�;(浜�)鏄撳寲鎿存暎:闈炶剛婧舵€х墿璩�(zh矛)鎴栬Κ姘存€х墿璩�(zh矛), 濡傛皑鍩洪吀銆佺硸鍜岄噾灞洟瀛愮瓑鍊熷姪绱拌優鑶滀笂鐨勮啘铔嬬櫧鐨勫公鍔╅爢婵冨害姊害鎴栭爢闆诲寲瀛告績搴︽搴�, 涓嶆秷鑰桝TP閫插叆鑶滃収(n猫i)鐨勪竴绋亱杓告柟寮�銆�
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銆€銆€E.鐏伴粌闇夌礌
銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ACDE
銆€銆€31銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)鑲濊棩閰剁殑鏁樿堪姝g⒑鐨勬槸
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銆€銆€銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€戯細ABCD
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