銆€銆€鍒濈礆璀�(h霉)甯績鐞嗚(h霉)鐞嗭細蹇冪悊闃插尽姗�(j墨)鍒剁悊璜�

銆€銆€蹇冪悊闃插尽姗�(j墨)鍒�(mental defense mechanism)鏄嚜鎴戠殑涓€绋槻琛�(w猫i)鍔熻兘锛屽緢澶氭檪(sh铆)鍊欙紝瓒呮垜鑸囨湰鎴戜箣闁�锛屾湰鎴戣垏鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)涔嬮枔锛岀稉(j墨ng)甯告渻鏈夌煕鐩惧拰娌栫獊锛屼汉鍦ㄩ€欐檪(sh铆)灏辨渻鎰熷埌鐥涜嫤鍜岀劍鎱紝鏈熼枔鑷垜灏卞彲浠ヤ笉鐭ヤ笉瑕轰箣浠ユ煇绋柟寮忚(di脿o)鏁翠竴鍊嬫矕绐侀洐鏂圭殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屼娇瓒呮垜鐨勭洠(ji膩n)瀵熷彲浠ユ帴鍙�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鏈垜鐨勬鏈涘張鍙互寰楀埌鏌愮ó褰㈠紡鐨勬豢瓒�锛屽緸鑰岀珐瑙ｇ劍鎱紝娑堥櫎鐥涜嫤锛岄€欏氨鏄嚜鎴戠殑蹇冪悊闃插尽姗�(j墨)鍒�銆傚畠鍖呮嫭澹撴姂銆佸惁瑾�(r猫n)銆佹姇灏勶紝閫€鍖�銆侀殧闆€€佹姷娑堣綁(zhu菐n)鍖�銆佸悎鐞嗗寲銆佽(b菙)鍎�銆佸崌鑿�銆佸菇榛�銆佸弽鍚戝舰鎴愮瓑褰㈠紡銆備汉椤炲湪姝ｅ父鍜岀梾鎱�(t脿i)鎯呮硜涓嬮兘鍦ㄤ笉鑷鍦伴亱(y霉n)鐢ㄩ€欎簺闃插尽鏂瑰紡锛屽鏋滈亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ緱鐣�(d膩ng)锛屽墖鍙笡杓曠棝鑻�锛屽公鍔╁害閬庡績鐞嗛洠闂�(gu膩n)锛岄槻姝㈢簿绁炲穿娼�锛岃€岄亱(y霉n)鐢ㄩ亷搴﹀氨鏈冭〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑虹劍鎱姂閮佺瓑鐥呮厠(t脿i)蹇冪悊鐧ョ媭銆�

銆€銆€澹撴姂(depressive)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囩暥(d膩ng)涓€鍊嬩汉鐨勬煇绋蹇点€佹儏鎰熸垨娌栧嫊涓嶈兘琚秴鎴戞帴鍙楁檪(sh铆)锛岃娼涙姂鍒扮劇鎰忚瓨鐣�(d膩ng)涓幓锛屽緸鑰屼互浣垮€嬮珨涓嶅啀鍥犳鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺劍鎱€佺棝鑻﹂珨椹�(y脿n)锛岄€欐槸涓€绋笉鑷鐨勪富鍕曢伜蹇樺拰鎶戝埗銆備緥濡傚緢澶氫汉鎯呮効鐩镐俊鑷繁鑳戒腑鍏悎褰╄€屼笉鎰挎兂璞¤嚜宸辫蛋璺杌婃挒姝荤殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)鍚庝竴绋簨浠剁櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑姒傜巼閬�(yu菐n)姣斿墠鑰呭ぇ锛岄€欏叾瀵�(sh铆)鏄竴绋鎶戞(j墨)鍒剁殑涓嶈嚜瑕洪亱(y霉n)鐢�锛屽洜?y脿n)妤�?d膩ng)浜烘剰璀樺埌姣忔璧拌矾琚粖鎾炵殑濞佽剠鏅�(sh铆)灏辨渻鎰熷埌鐒︽叜锛屼汉鐐轰簡閬垮厤鐒︽叜鏁呮剰灏囧叾娣″寲鎴栭伜蹇樸€�

銆€銆€鍚﹁獚(r猫n)(denial)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囨湁鎰忔垨鐒℃剰鍦版嫆绲曟壙瑾�(r猫n)涓€浜涗笉鎰夊揩鐨勭従(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)寰炶€屼繚璀�(h霉)鑷垜鐨勫績鐞嗛槻寰℃柟寮�銆傚鏈夌殑浜鸿伣鍒拌Κ浜虹獊鐒舵浜＄殑娑堟伅锛岀偤娓涘厤绐佸鍏朵締鐨勭簿绁炴墦鎿婃渻鍦ㄧ煭鏈熷収(n猫i)鏈冨惁瑾�(r猫n)姝や簨鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢熴€�

銆€銆€鎶曞皠(projection)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨鐐哄厤闄よ嚜璨�(z茅)鐨勭棝鑻�锛屽皣鑷繁鎵€涓嶈兘瀹瑰繊鐨勬矕鍕�銆佹鏈涜綁(zhu菐n)绉诲埌浠栦汉鐨勮韩涓娿€傚涓€鍊嬩汉鎬у嫉鍔涢亷澶�锛屽仛澶㈡檪(sh铆)閮藉あ瑕嬪彟涓€鍊嬩汉鑸囩暟鎬у湪鐧�(f膩)鐢熸€ц鐐�锛岄€欐槸鑷垜鐐轰簡閫冮伩瓒呮垜鐨勮铂(z茅)闆ｏ紝鍙堣婊胯冻鑷垜鐨勯渶瑕�锛屽皣鑷繁鐨勬鏈涙姇灏勫埌鍒ヤ汉韬笂寰炶€屽緱鍒颁竴绋В鑴殑蹇冪悊姗�(j墨)鍒躲€�

銆€銆€閫€鍖�(degenerate)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囩暥(d膩ng)鍊嬮珨鍙楀埌鎸姌鐒℃硶鎳�(y墨ng)浠樻檪(sh铆)锛屾斁妫勫凡缍�(j墨ng)瀛�(xu茅)鏈冧簡鐨勬垚鐔熸厠(t脿i)搴﹀拰琛岀偤妯″紡锛屼娇鐢ㄤ互寰€姣旇純骞肩鐨勬柟寮忎締婊胯冻鑷繁鐨勬鏈�銆傚鏌愪簺闇查櫚鐧栫梾浜�锛屽湪鐣版€ч潰鍓嶆毚闇茶嚜宸辩殑鐢熸畺鍣�锛屽師鍥犳槸鍏朵綔鐐烘垚骞翠汉閬囧埌鎬х殑鎸姌鐒℃硶婊胯冻锛屾晠鐢ㄥ辜骞存€ф鐨勬柟寮忎締琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鍏堕潪甯告厠(t脿i)鐨勬豢瓒炽€�

銆€銆€鎶垫秷(neutralization)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨浠ヨ薄寰佹€х殑琛岀偤渚嗘姷娑堝凡寰€鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鐥涜嫤浜嬩欢锛屽寮�(qi谩ng)杩櫏鐥呬汉鍥哄畾鐨勫剙寮忓嫊浣滃父鏄敤渚嗘姷娑堢劇鎰忚瓨涓簜鍊劅鎯呭拰鍏朵粬鐥涜嫤楂旈(y脿n)銆�

銆€銆€闅旈洟(isolation)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧皣鍊嬮珨灏囦竴浜涗笉鎰夊揩鐨勪簨瀵�(sh铆)鎴栨儏鎰熷垎闅斾簬鎰忚瓨涔嬪锛屼互鍏嶅紩璧风簿绁炰笂鐨勪笉鎰夊揩锛岄€欑ó姗�(j墨)鍒跺彨闅旈洟銆傚浜哄€戜締鏈堢稉(j墨ng)寰堝浜洪兘瑾垚鈥滀緥鍋団€�;浜烘浜嗗彨鈥滆€佷簡鈥濃€滆蛋浜嗏€濓紝閫欑ó瑾硶鍙互閬垮厤灏峰艾鎴栨偛鍝€銆�

銆€銆€杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�(transformation)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囩簿绁炰笂鐨勭棝鑻﹁綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤杌€楂旂櫏鐙€琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑轰締锛屽緸鑰岄伩闁嬩簡蹇冪悊鐨勭劍鎱�銆佹姂閮佸拰鐥涜嫤锛屽鐧旂櫏鐥呬汉鐨勫収(n猫i)蹇冪劍鎱垨蹇冪悊娌栫獊寰€寰€浠ヨ粈楂斿寲鐨勭櫏鐙€琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑轰締锛屽澶遍煶銆佹娊鎼愶紝鐧辩槗銆佹殘鍘ョ瓑绛�锛岀梾鑰呰嚜宸卞皪姝ゅ畬鍏ㄤ笉鐭ヨ锛屽洜鍏惰綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑鍕曟(j墨)瀹屽叏鏄經鎰忚瓨鐨勶紝鏄偅鑰呮剰璀樹笉鎵胯獚(r猫n)鐨�銆�

銆€銆€瑁�(b菙)鍎�(compensate)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨鍒╃敤鏌愮ó鏂规硶渚嗗綄瑁�(b菙)鍏剁敓鐞嗘垨蹇冪悊涓婄殑缂洪櫡锛屽緸鑰屾帺钃嬭嚜宸辩殑鑷崙鎰熸垨涓嶅畨鍏ㄦ劅銆傛墍璎傗€滃け涔嬫澅闅咃紝鏀朵箣妗戞鈥濆氨鏄€欑ó浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€鍚堢悊鍖�(rationalization)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨閬彈鎸姌鏅�(sh铆)閲囩敤鍒╀簬鑷繁鐨勭悊鐢辩偤鑷繁杈В锛岀偤闅辩灋鑷繁鐨勭湡瀵�(sh铆)鍕曟(j墨)锛屽皣闈㈣嚚鐨勭獦澧冨姞浠ユ枃椋�锛屽緸鑰岀偤鑷繁閫�(j矛n)琛岃В鑴殑涓€绋績鐞嗛槻寰℃(j墨)鍒躲€傚鐙愯矋鍚冧笉鍒拌憽钀勫氨瑾憽钀勬槸閰哥殑銆�

銆€銆€鍗囪彲(sublimation)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囪澹撴姂鐨勪笉绗﹀悎绀炬渻瑕�(gu墨)鑼冪殑鍘熷娌栧嫊鎴栨鏈涚敤绗﹀悎绀炬渻瑕佹眰鐨勫缓瑷�(sh猫)鎬ф柟寮忚〃閬�(d谩)鍑轰締鐨勪竴绋績鐞嗛槻寰℃(j墨)鍒�锛屽鐢ㄦ瓕鍞憋紝绻暙锛岃┅姝岀瓑褰㈠紡渚嗘浛浠ｆ€ф湰鑳芥矕鍕曠殑鐧�(f膩)娉勩€�

銆€銆€骞介粯(humor)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨閲囩敤骞介粯鐨勮獮瑷€鎴栬鐐轰締鎳�(y墨ng)浠樼穵寮电殑鎯呭鎴栬〃閬�(d谩)娼涙剰璀樼殑娆叉湜銆傚閫氶亷骞介粯渚嗚〃閬�(d谩)鏀绘搳鎬ф垨鎬ф鏈�锛屽彲浠ヤ笉蹇�?f霉)?d膩n)蹇冭嚜鎴戞垨瓒呮垜鐨勬姷鍒�銆傚湪浜洪鐨勫菇榛樹腑闂�(gu膩n)浜庢€ф剾锛屾浜°€佹窐姹�锛屾敾鎿婄瓑瑭遍鏄渶鍙椾汉姝¤繋鐨勶紝瀹冨€戝寘鍚憲澶ч噺鐨勫彈澹撴姂鐨勬€濇兂銆�

銆€銆€鍙嶅悜褰㈠紡(reaction formation)鈥曗€曟槸鎸囧€嬮珨鑷獚(r猫n)鐐轰笉绗﹀悎绀炬渻閬撳痉瑕�(gu墨)鑼冪殑鍏�(n猫i)蹇冩鏈涙垨娌栧嫊鏈冨紩璧疯嚜鎴戝拰瓒呮垜鐨勬姷鍒�锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑轰締鏈冭绀炬渻鎳茬桨鎴栧紩璧峰収(n猫i)蹇冪劍鎱�锛屾晠鏈濈浉鍙嶇殑閫斿緫閲嬫斁灏�(d菐o)鑷村弽鍚戝舰鎴�銆傚鏈変簺鎭愪汉鐧ョ殑鐥呬汉鍏�(n猫i)蹇冩槸娓存湜鎺ユ帴瑙哥暟鎬х殑锛屼絾鍗诲亸鍋忚〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑哄皪鐣版€ф亹鎳�銆�