Space
空間
Make room, mentally and physically, for studying. Usually you’re studying for something specific, such as an exam. This can seem daunting, like a mountain to climb. If this sounds familiar, take a deep breath and pause for a moment before you start。
把房間創(chuàng)造成適合身心兩方面學(xué)習(xí)的地方。通常你在學(xué)習(xí)某一些具體的內(nèi)容，比如一場(chǎng)考試。這似乎是件很難的事，像要爬一座山。如果這聽(tīng)起來(lái)耳熟，深呼吸，在你開(kāi)始前停頓片刻。
Think of how you make yourself comfortable when you do something you really enjoy, like watching a favorite television program. How do you settle in for the show? Do you sprawl or curl up? Do you have favourite relaxing clothes? Do you choose a particular drink or something to nibble? Borrow all these favorite things to make your studying a better experience. If you’re in a good space physically, you can improve your mental space。
想想當(dāng)你做一些你真正喜歡的事情的時(shí)候，你是怎么讓自己感覺(jué)舒服的，比如收看最喜歡的電視節(jié)目。你是如何看待這些節(jié)目的呢?你是翹首以盼還是很慵懶?你有穿著最舒心的衣服嗎?你有特定的飲料或是吃的嗎?把所有這些心愛(ài)的東西聚在一起，為你創(chuàng)造更好的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)。如果你待在一個(gè)好的物理環(huán)境里，你會(huì)改善你的精神領(lǐng)域。
Place
地方
Create your own personal work zone. It doesn’t have to look like a work-space — that’s what many students find off-putting. Building on what you did in the previous paragraph, make the place your own and somewhere you enjoy。
創(chuàng)建自己的個(gè)人工作區(qū)。它不需要看起來(lái)像工作場(chǎng)所——這是很多學(xué)生覺(jué)得討厭的一點(diǎn)。基于前一段你創(chuàng)造出適合學(xué)習(xí)的空間，再打造一個(gè)屬于你自己的、你也喜歡的地方。
Pace
節(jié)奏
Find the right pace for your work. Sprinters work hard and fast in a burst of energy while marathon runners spread the load and build slowly towards the climax. There’s no right or wrong way to pace your studying, except what works for you. Notice the way you like to work, and adjust your pace accordingly. (Just remember, if you study at a slow pace, you'll need to set aside more time for the task。)
找到合適你的工作節(jié)奏。短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員注重在一瞬間的爆發(fā)力，而馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員要分?jǐn)偫锍滩⒙_(dá)到極限。在為學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)定速度上不存在誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)錯(cuò)的方法，只在乎哪種對(duì)你最適用。留意自己愉快工作時(shí)的方式，并相應(yīng)調(diào)整自己的節(jié)奏。(記住，如果你以一種緩慢的速度進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，你需要為完成這些任務(wù)留出更多的時(shí)間。)
Whether you have bags of time or a brief study period, remember that breaks are just as important as active study (10 minutes off for every 30 minutes of study works for many people)， and use those breaks to reward yourself with a small treat。
不管你是有充足的時(shí)間或是簡(jiǎn)短的片刻，記住休息是同主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)一樣重要的(對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)每學(xué)習(xí)30分鐘需要10分鐘的休息時(shí)間)，并趁著這些片刻休息時(shí)間吃點(diǎn)零食犒勞一下自己。
Memory
記憶
It helps to know how your memory works. Here is the key to memory: in any sequence, people remember the first and last things best. Whatever you try to remember, you’ll find yourself recalling the beginning and the end, with less clear memories of the middle. You can’t change this — it’s wired in, it's how our brains work — so don’t fight it. Instead, use this fact to your advantage by organizing your study so the most important bits are at the beginning and end of your sessions。
了解記憶如何進(jìn)行是有用的。 記憶的關(guān)鍵是：無(wú)論怎么排序，人們記憶最深刻的是第一個(gè)和最后一個(gè)。不管你想記住什么，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總能回憶起開(kāi)始和結(jié)尾，而中間一部分卻記不清楚。你不能改變這一點(diǎn)——這是天生的，我們的大腦就是這樣工作的，所以不要同它進(jìn)行抗?fàn)�。相反地，要利用這一點(diǎn)，通過(guò)組織學(xué)習(xí)使它成為你的優(yōu)勢(shì)，最重要的部分排在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候和結(jié)束的時(shí)候。
Method
方法
It’s always good to have a plan. However big or complex your task may look at first sight, with a feasible plan you can always find a way to manage it。
有一個(gè)計(jì)劃總是好的。然而不管乍一看這任務(wù)有多龐大，或是有多復(fù)雜，如果有一個(gè)可行的計(jì)劃，你總能找到一種管理方法。
When studying, break your biggest goal into smaller chunks or tasks. It’s best if each of these chunks consists of a single topic. Often, you’ll discover one or two key elements that stand out and get fixed in your mind. You can then use those as building blocks。
在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，將你最大的目標(biāo)或任務(wù)分解成許多小塊。最好是每一小塊都是一個(gè)單一主題。通常，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)或兩個(gè)明顯的關(guān)鍵元素，并扎根在你的頭腦里。那么你就可以使用這些作為構(gòu)建模塊了。
Classic tricks used by memory professionals include ‘the house of memory’ where you place everything you want to remember in unique locations in the house. It’s also useful to use humor — play with your key-words and make them funny or outrageous. You’ll be surprised at how much easier they are to memorize。
記憶大師使用的經(jīng)典伎倆包括“房子記憶術(shù)”，你把所有你想記住的全部定位到房子里一處獨(dú)特的位置。使用幽默手法同樣有用，賦予關(guān)鍵詞有趣或驚奇的意義。你會(huì)對(duì)這么容易就記住它們而感到驚訝。
Mind maps
思維導(dǎo)圖
A mind map is rough diagram that you can make to visually outline information. You can create a mind map by starting with the primary word or phrase of a topic in the center, with related, lesser categories branching out from it. Subcategories of these are on smaller branches, still. Your categories can consist of anything you think is important; they can be important terms, ideas, or tasks to complete — whatever you need to help you study or organize the information。
思維導(dǎo)圖是一種粗略的圖表，我們可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行視覺(jué)化的信息梳理。創(chuàng)建思維導(dǎo)圖可以在中心以話題的關(guān)鍵單詞或詞組出發(fā)，再?gòu)南嚓P(guān)度和類別出發(fā)進(jìn)行發(fā)散。從屬的類別是更小的分支。你的類別中可以包含任何你認(rèn)為重要的：它們可以是重要的術(shù)語(yǔ)、想法、或是要完成的任務(wù)，你需要的能幫助你學(xué)習(xí)或組織信息的一切。
Mind maps are easy to master if you don’t use them already, and you’ll discover they help you remember masses of information much more efficiently than conventional lists. If you're not satisfied with your current note-taking skills, try building a mind map during your next class or lecture and see if you find it more helpful。
如果你之前沒(méi)有使用過(guò)它們，掌握思維導(dǎo)圖很容易，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們能幫助你記住大量的信息，其效率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于傳統(tǒng)的列表方式。如果你對(duì)目前記筆記的技巧感到不滿意，在你的下堂課或下次講座里嘗試構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，到時(shí)候看看它是不是更有幫助。
