2018年10月自考英語(一)第二章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

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2018年10月自考英語(一)第二章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

Text A

The Atlantic Ocean

本課主要單詞

1. unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的;勉強(qiáng)的

she is unwilling to share anything with others.　(她不愿意與他人分享任何東西。)

He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.

(盡管前面可能有許多困難，但他不愿意中途放棄。)

They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.　(地方政府勉強(qiáng)給了他們一些協(xié)助。)

2. equator n.赤道

3. bulge n.不規(guī)則突起;鼓起之處;(突然)上漲，增多

v.使膨脹;塞滿

Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的最狹窄處位于南美洲的突起處和非洲的突起處之間。)

The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.　(圖表顯示龍年出生率的暴增。)

4. unusual adj. 少有的;不尋常的;與眾不同的，獨(dú)特的

It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.　(每天工作到深夜對他來說是很平常的事。

5. salty adj. 咸的，含鹽的 salt n. 鹽;風(fēng)趣 　　v. 用鹽調(diào)味;用鹽腌;撒鹽于道路上

He didn’t have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.　(他晚餐吃的不多，因?yàn)椴颂塘恕?

It took them a long time to salt the main roads.　(他們花了好長時間才在主要公路上撒上鹽。)

grind salt in sb.’s wounds 在某人傷口上撒鹽，使某人痛上加痛

with a grain of salt　半信半疑地

Salt Lake City　鹽湖城(美國尤他州州府)

請注意：形容詞salty是由名詞 salt加形容詞后綴 -y構(gòu)成的。這樣的形容詞在英語中還有很多，如：windy，snowy，rainy，cloudy，sunny，funny，muddy，foggy…

6. average n. 平均數(shù)，平均　　 adj. 平均的;平常的，普通的　　 v. 平均

The average of 5，7 and 9 is 7. (5，7，9的平均數(shù)是7.)

The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均氣溫在零度以下。)

He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般學(xué)生。)

7. spot n.地點(diǎn)，處所;點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn)　 v. 點(diǎn)綴;認(rèn)出;準(zhǔn)確定位　 adj. 當(dāng)場作出的;現(xiàn)付的

She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游覽了許多風(fēng)景勝地。)

She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.　(她把事故發(fā)生的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)告訴了我們)

His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥漬。)

She is so special， you can spot her in the crowd easily.　(她很特別，你在人群中能一眼認(rèn)出她來。)

She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促當(dāng)場做決定。)

on the spot　當(dāng)場，在現(xiàn)場　　　in a spot　在困境中，在窘境中

put sb. on the spot　使某人處于難堪地位

put one’s finger on sb’s weak spot　指出某人性格上的弱點(diǎn)

spot check　抽樣檢查　　　spot survey 抽樣調(diào)查

spotlight　聚光燈;汽車上的反光燈;公眾注意中心

spot news　現(xiàn)場報道的新聞　　　spot price 現(xiàn)貨價

8. range n. 山脈;幅度，范圍 v.(在某范圍內(nèi))變動，變化;把…排列成行

medium-range missile　中程導(dǎo)彈　　　wide range of interests　興趣廣泛

at close range　接近地　　　in/within range　在射程內(nèi)

9. peak n. 山峰;頂點(diǎn)

The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.(山峰終年積雪。)

His career is at its peak .　　(他的事業(yè)正處于鼎盛時期)

10. vessel n. 船，艦;容器，器皿

an ocean-going vessel　遠(yuǎn)洋輪

11. crew n. 全體船員，全體機(jī)務(wù)人員

The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain’s decision.(船員們對船長的決定感到惱火。)

The aircraft has a crew of 6.(這架飛機(jī)有6名機(jī)組人員。)

12. becalm v.(常用被動語態(tài))(指帆船)因無風(fēng)而停止前進(jìn)

He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.　(他在海島北面因無風(fēng)而停泊了整整一周。)

13. gulf n. 海灣;隔閡;鴻溝

The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.　(那場爭吵在兩位好友間造成了隔閡。)

the Gulf of Mexico　墨西哥灣

Gulf Stream　灣流，墨西哥灣流

14. stream n. 小河，溪流 　　v. 流，涌

Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.(當(dāng)她聽到那個消息時，淚水順著臉頰流了下來。)

15. current n. (空氣，水等的)流，潮流;電流;傾向　　 adj. 當(dāng)前的，通行的

The child had been swept away by the current.(孩子被水流卷走了。)

Mass media influence the current of public opinion.(大眾傳媒影響輿論的傾向。)

Give me a current issue of Reader’s Digest.(給我一本最近一期的讀者文摘。)

current events　時事　　　　　　 current situation　當(dāng)前形勢

16. affect v. 影響;打動;(疾病)侵襲 effect n. 效果;作用，影響;

no effects　無存款(銀行在空頭支票上的批語)

be of no effect無效　　　　　bring sth. to effect　實(shí)行，實(shí)施

in effect實(shí)際上　　　　　　　take effect　見效;生效

17. climate n. 氣候

weather n. 天氣

18. flow n. 流 　 v. 流動

The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (醫(yī)生把血止住了。)

19. furnish v. 供應(yīng)，提供;裝備，(用家具)布置

20. highway n. 公路; (水陸)交通干線

21. float v.(使)漂浮

本課主要構(gòu)詞法

Affixation　　(詞綴法)

1. 反意詞前綴un- 　　　unusual，unwilling

2. 形容詞后綴-y 　　　salty

3. 名詞后綴-or 　　　sailor

Compounding 　　(合詞法)

1. 復(fù)合名詞 　　　highway，steamship，airplane

2. 復(fù)合形容詞 　　　mid-Atlantic，eastward

本課簡介

The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來的世界之最。

本課主要語言點(diǎn)

1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋), the Philippines (菲列賓)

在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個湖時不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開”，請翻譯下面的句子：

英吉利海峽把英法兩國隔開。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。

2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

主語+動詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細(xì)的論述。

4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

這兩個都是表語從句和主句中的系動詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。請看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

請注意辨析another 和other：

another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個”。

boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句做賓語。

6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：

This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

suppose 常常做動詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認(rèn)為”。例如：

I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個連詞，意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會怎么樣”。例如：

Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們怎么辦?)

8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個句型。例如：

1) 我騎自行車到學(xué)校要花半小時。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

2) 他花了兩個星期時間才看完那本書。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.

on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。

a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點(diǎn)兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾

deeper，也表示程度，加強(qiáng)形容詞比較級，意思是“…多”。

10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet――almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過3000英里)。

measure 在句子中做動詞用，意思是“測量”，“有…深”。

11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的最高級形式。因?yàn)檫@幾個詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，最高級的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對于大部分兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞，最高級的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.

rise 是一個不及物動詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。

1) rise 不及物動詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))

The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

An idea rises in my mind.

2) raise 及物動詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

If you have any questions， please raise your hands.

When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.

The management promised to raise the workers' salary after the negotiation.

He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.

3) arise 不及物動詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

New problems arise when old ones are solved.

4) arouse 及物動詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)

The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中，floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;

1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.　(冬天時，木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)

3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

12. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句，在其前省去了which is.

13. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

crew是一個集合名詞，指“全體船員”，后面的謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中謂語動詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were，因?yàn)閺木渥又锌梢酝茢喑鍪窃S多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

14. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.

furnish sth For sb. 意思是“為…提供”，我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來表達(dá)這個意思。

本課主要詞組及句型

詞組：

1. separate from　　　　　 　 2. keep sb. from doing sth.

3. be unwilling to do sth. 　 　4. between A and B

5. make sth unusual　　　　 　 6. so…that

7. dry up　　　　　　　　 　 8. on the average

9. rise from　　　　　　　 　 10. furnish sth for sb.

11. pile up　　　　　　　 　 12. from…to

句型：

A.定語從句：

1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.

B.表語從句：

1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

C.結(jié)果狀語從句：

1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.

2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.

D.形容詞的比較級和最高級：

1)The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific， but still it is very large.

2)It is more than 4，000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.

3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2，000 miles wide.

4)Also， it is the world's saltiest ocean.

5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.

E be one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

F it takes sb. some time to do sth.

It would take the ocean about 4，000 years to dry up.

地理名稱

1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋

Asia (亞洲)Europe(歐洲) Africa(非洲)

North America(北美洲)　South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲)

the Antarctic(南極洲)　The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋)

the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋)

2.常用詞

continent (大陸) continental shelf(大陸架)

subcontinent(次大陸) volcano(火山)

iceberg(冰山)　mountain range(山脈)

delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布)　gulf(海灣)

straits channel(海峽) coast line (海岸線)

beach(海灘)gulf(海灣)

Text B The Moon

短語表達(dá)

1. tie to(與…聯(lián)系在一起;使束縛于…)

2. except for(除了…之外)

Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了幾處拼寫錯誤，你的文章寫的不錯)

3. be near to(靠近)

4. face towards(朝向)

5. keep…in mind(把…記在心里)

6. light up(變亮;使容光煥發(fā))

7. reflect(反射)

8. … enough for sb. to do sth.(足以讓某人做某事)

The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.　(這間房夠大了，我們可以在里面開舞會。)

9. speak of(提到，說起)

10. otherwise(不然;另外的)

11. nothing but(僅僅，除了…之外沒有什么)

There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食櫥里除了一片面包什么也沒有。)

語法講解： 構(gòu)詞法(派生法，合成法，轉(zhuǎn)換法)

派生法：通過加前后綴構(gòu)成新詞(常見名詞，形容詞，副詞和動詞的后綴，反義前綴及其他含義的前綴)

合成法：兩個獲兩個以上的單詞合成一個新詞

轉(zhuǎn)換法：詞形不變，詞性轉(zhuǎn)化

參照課本第80頁

鞏固練習(xí)：

1.各種各樣的：adj. various

2.誠實(shí)：n. honest

3.操作員：n. operator

4.想象力：n. imagination

5.消除：v. remove

6.失?。簄. failure

7.普遍的：adj. widespread

8.獨(dú)立的：　adj. independent

9.農(nóng)業(yè)的：adj. agricultural

10. 頻繁地: adv. Frequently