2018年10月自考英語(一)第一章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

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2018年10月自考英語(一)第一章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

第一部分 詞海拾趣

1.Success n . 成功

I wish you success.

Congratulations to you on your success.

Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事

If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he'll travel abroad.

分析下面這句話中succeed 的意思：

A silence succeeded his words. (隨后，接著)

他說完話后，緊接著是一陣沉默。

Successful adj. 成功的

In a way, he's successful.

Unsuccessful successfully(前后綴)

2. Disagree with… 不同意…

agree 同意…

agree with … I couldn't agree with you more.

I agree with what you said.

agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?

agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.

( 補(bǔ)充dislike , unlike )

3.statement 聲明，陳述， 財務(wù)報表，財務(wù)結(jié)算表

eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他說的話嗎?

I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每個月從銀行收到一份財務(wù)結(jié)算表。

(構(gòu)詞法 state statement , improve improvement )

4. guarantee n , v. 保證，擔(dān)保，保修

under guarantee 在保修期

The watch is still under guarantee. 這塊手表還在保修期。

The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 這臺電視保修兩年。

我們還可以說：The TV set is guaranteed for two years.

I guarantee that you'll enjoy yourself. 我保證你會玩的愉快。

5.Be similar to ….與…相似

6. Inexact

incomplete

independent ( differ, different)

depend on…依靠，取決于…

It depends.(意思是還沒有確定，視情況而定)

7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker

8. clue 線索，跡象

Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么線索?

(非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂，一無所知)

---do you know what he's talking about? (你知道他在說什么嗎?)

----I don't have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l

9.Conclusion n. 結(jié)論

Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下結(jié)論。

In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here.最后，我想說的是，我在這兒過的多么愉快。

10.On Purpose 故意的

purposefully

11.outline 輪廓，概要，大綱

an outline of history 歷史大綱

v. 劃出…輪廓， 提出…綱要， 略述

The director outlined his plans for the company's future. 經(jīng)理概述了公司未來的計劃。

第二部分：課文語言點剖析

1. Learning a language is easy. 這句話中動名詞短語learning a language作主語。

又如：Seeing is believing .

2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

試找出句子的主干：

此句中who are learning a second language 是定語從句，用來修飾most adults.

Would 的用法?

3.Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表確數(shù)時不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表概數(shù)時加S

Eg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,

Hundreds of…

Thousands of …

Millions of…

Billions of…

4.be different from…與….不同

be the same as….與….相同

5.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

Who 引導(dǎo)了一定從，it 為形式賓語，真正賓語是后面不定式。

6.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,…

注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb

advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能說an advice , 同樣也沒有詞形變化，不能加S。

聽從某人建議，我們說take/follow one's advice

7. practice speaking the language every day.

Practice doing sth

Everyday 與every day 的區(qū)別

Everyday life 日常生活

I watch TV every day. 我每天都看電視。

8.Learn as a child would learn

As 引導(dǎo)了一方式狀語，像孩子那樣。

9.first of all 首先，第一

secondly 其次

finally 最后

(閱讀時要注意文章的topic sentence，一般在句首或者句尾)

10.wait for ,

look for / find

11.such /so 都翻譯成如此，區(qū)別何在?　看下面的短語，用such/so 填空。

__a　man

__a　kind　lady

__pretty　the　carpet

__kind　a　lady

__bad　weather

__beautiful　pictures

12.make a mistake 犯錯誤

13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事

不愿做某事的表達(dá)方法：

be unwilling to do sth

be reluctant to do sth

14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.

That 引導(dǎo)的定從修飾the information

Information 為不可數(shù)名詞

15. It's more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

16. Learn from…　向….學(xué)習(xí)

we should learn from each other.

17. you have probably been learning independently, …

本句用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：have ( has) been doing

表示從過去開始，一直持續(xù)現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動作。

例如：It has been raining.

18.on the one hand, 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

19.If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

如果你的語言學(xué)習(xí)一直都不太成功，你不妨試試上面列出的一些技巧。

Less than …是一固定格式，譯為 不太….

Eg:

We're less than happy about the coming exam.

我們不太高興參加即將到來的這場考試。

Outlined above 分詞短語作定語后置

20.Might do well to do sth,最好還是做… ,不妨做….

可以與might do sth as well 互換使用，例如：

you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以說成

you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.

翻譯下面的句子：

He hasn't worked hard, he might give it up as well.

You might do well to start early.

第三部分 語法講解(一)詞類

英語中詞實詞和虛詞兩類，其中實詞有名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，動詞，數(shù)詞。虛詞有介詞，冠詞，連詞，感嘆詞。

1. 名詞n

名詞是表示事物名稱的詞。有普通名詞和抽象名詞兩類。參照課本第19頁。

考查重點在名詞的可數(shù)性上。名詞還有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。

可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：

注：a.以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boys

b.以o結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos

c.以f 或者fe結(jié)尾，直接加-s,如：belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs

2.冠詞article

冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an) 和定冠詞(the) 不定冠詞用來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表示一個，一件….,the 可以與可數(shù)名詞連用，也可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用，表特指。

A用在輔音(音素 )開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前邊， an 用于元音(音素非字母)開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面。例如：

A cake， a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest man

3. 代詞pron

代詞有人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，疑問代詞，關(guān)系代詞等。

1.人稱代詞：

人稱代詞分為第一、第二和第三人稱，每個人稱有各自的主格和賓格形式

第一人稱： I (主格)-me(賓格), we(主格)-us(賓格)

第二人稱： you(主格、賓格)

第三人稱： he(主格)-him(賓格)

she (主格)- her (賓格)

it (主格)- it (賓格)

they (主格)- them(賓格)

注：a).當(dāng)I和其他名詞或代詞一起作并列主語時，I總放在最后。但是翻譯的時候，漢語的習(xí)慣是我在前。

如：Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和湯姆 ，約翰昨晚參加了一個派對。

You and I 我和你

You, he and I 你我他

注：表示要承擔(dān)責(zé)任時，應(yīng)把I 提前，例如：I and Tony are to blame.

2. 物主代詞:

物主代詞分為形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞。

形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，必須和名詞連用，不能單獨使用;名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，不能再與名詞連用。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：

This is your book.. Mine is on the desk. 這是你的書，我的在桌子上。(mine=my book)

3.反身代詞：

4.相互代詞：each other, one another

5. 指示代詞是用來指示人或事物的代詞，如：this, these, that, those.

如：We have no water .That's our trouble.我們沒有水了。這是我們的困難。

注：指示代詞this, that可在句中作狀語，表示程度，相當(dāng)于so .

如：He said he couldn't walk that far.

6.疑問代詞who's the girl in red?

7.關(guān)系代詞He's a professor who has lived here for 10 years.

8 .不定代詞:

1).復(fù)合不定代詞由every, some, any, no與-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成的代詞。

指人 　　　　指人 　　　　指物

everyone 　everybody 　everything

someone 　somebody 　something

anyone 　　anybody 　　anything

no one 　　nobody 　　　nothing

所有的不定代詞都當(dāng)作單數(shù)對待。

如：No one wants to go there.

Is everyone here?

復(fù)合不定代詞的定語后置，即形容詞作復(fù)合不定代詞的定語時要后置。

如：I have something important to tell you .

復(fù)合不定代詞只具有名詞性質(zhì)，不能作定語。

如：Nobody is late for the meeting .(復(fù)合不定代詞nobody作主語)

I know nothing about the accident.(復(fù)合代詞nothing 作賓語)

That's nothing.沒什么。(復(fù)合代詞nothing作表語)

2) 英語中的不定代詞如：all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等，多數(shù)都可以作主語、賓語、表語和定語，但no和every只具有形容詞性質(zhì)只能作定語，none只具有名詞性質(zhì)，不能作定語。

如：Time waits for no man.時不我待。(no 作定語)

Every room is bright.每個房間都很明亮。(every作定語)

None of them has been to Paris.他們中沒有一個去過巴黎。(none作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)單一性，謂語用單數(shù))

None of them were aware of the danger.他們都沒有意識到有危險。(none強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))

3) .it 的用法

1) 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事務(wù)

The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .It's a cold-blooded one.

2) 用以代替指示代詞

What's this? It's a flag.

3) 起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物

Who's knocking at the door? It's me.

4) 指環(huán)境情況等

It's noisy in the classroom.

5) 指時間，天氣，季節(jié)，距離等

It's a long way to the factory.

6) 做形式主語，形式賓語，如：

It's not a good habit to stay up late.

I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.

7) 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)