新概念雙語：周末睡懶覺可降低患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Getting too little sleep during the week can increase some risk factors for diabetes, but sleeping late on weekends might help improve the picture, a small U.S. study suggests.

美國一項(xiàng)小型研究顯示，一周之內(nèi)睡眠不足將會(huì)增加患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是周末睡睡懶覺可能就會(huì)大為不同。

Researchers conducted a sleep experiment with 19 healthy young men and found just four nights of sleep deprivation were linked to changes in their blood suggesting their bodies weren’t handling sugar as well as usual.

研究者選擇了19名身體健康的志愿者，做了一項(xiàng)睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)如果他們連續(xù)4晚上睡眠不足的話，他們的血液檢查就會(huì)發(fā)生變化，顯示身體無法正常調(diào)節(jié)血糖。

But then, when they let the men get extra sleep for the next two nights, their blood tests returned to normal, countering the effect of the short-term sleep deprivation.

在隨后的兩晚上，研究者讓志愿者們飽睡了兩晚上，他們的血液檢測(cè)恢復(fù)正常，抵消了短期睡眠不足造成的影響。

“It gives us some hope that if there is no way to extend sleep during the week, people should try very hard to protect their sleep when they do get an opportunity to sleep in and sleep as much as possible to pay back the sleep debt,” said lead study author Josaine Broussard of the University of Colorado Boulder.

這項(xiàng)研究的負(fù)責(zé)人，來自科羅拉多大學(xué)波爾得分校的喬絲安·布魯薩德表示，這給了我們希望，如果在工作時(shí)間無法得到充足睡眠，那么人們?cè)谀軌蜓a(bǔ)眠的時(shí)間，就要盡可能地多睡覺，補(bǔ)回丟失的睡眠。

The study doesn’t prove sleeping late every weekend can counter the ill effects of insufficient rest every other night of the week, Broussard cautioned.And it doesn’t prove that catching up on sleep will prevent diabetes.

布魯薩德提醒，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)并沒有證明周末睡懶覺絕對(duì)可以抵消每周熬夜的壞影響，而且也無法證明補(bǔ)眠就可以不得糖尿病。

“We don’t know if people can recover if the behavior is repeated every week,” Broussard added by email. “It is likely though that if any group of people suffer from sleep loss, getting extra sleep will be beneficial.”

布魯薩德在郵件中提到，我們不知道如果每個(gè)星期都重復(fù)這樣的模式，人們是否能持續(xù)恢復(fù)。不過如果有些人經(jīng)常面臨睡眠不足，那么長時(shí)間的補(bǔ)眠絕對(duì)是有好處的。

To assess the impact of sleep on diabetes risk, Broussard and colleagues focused on what’s known as insulin sensitivity, or the body’s ability to use the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar. Impaired insulin sensitivity is one risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is associated with age and obesity and happens when the body can’t properly convert blood sugar into energy.

為了評(píng)估睡眠和糖尿病之間的關(guān)系，布魯薩德和她的同事們主要關(guān)注胰島素敏感度，以及身體使用胰島素增敏激素調(diào)節(jié)血糖的能力。胰島素敏感度損壞是II型糖尿病的主要致病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，主要和年齡和肥胖有關(guān)系，或是由于身體無法正常地將血液中的血糖轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。

The researchers did two brief sleep experiments. On one occasion, the volunteers were permitted just 4.5 hours of rest for four nights, followed by two evenings of extended sleep that amounted to 9.7 hours on average. On another occasion, the same men were allowed to sleep 8.5 hours for four nights.

研究者做了2個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)，一種情況是，志愿者連續(xù)4晚只睡4.5個(gè)小時(shí)，隨后的2個(gè)晚上，可以每晚睡9.7個(gè)小時(shí);另外一種情況是，同樣的志愿者連續(xù)4晚上，都可以睡8.5個(gè)小時(shí)。

After the four nights of sleep deprivation, the volunteers’ insulin sensitivity had fallen by 23 percent and their bodies had started to produce extra insulin. But when researchers checked again after two nights of extended rest, the men’s insulin sensitivity, and the amount of insulin their bodies produced, had returned to normal, mirroring what was seen during the portion of the experiment when the volunteers consistently got a good nights’ rest.

在經(jīng)過4個(gè)晚上的熬夜之后，志愿者的胰島素敏感度已經(jīng)下降了23%，并且他們的身體開始產(chǎn)生額外的胰島素，但是在2個(gè)晚上的補(bǔ)眠之后，這些志愿者的胰島素敏感度以及身體產(chǎn)生的胰島素都已經(jīng)恢復(fù)到正常水平，也就是沒有熬夜的志愿者所顯現(xiàn)的正常水平。

The volunteers were given a calorie-controlled diet to limit the potential for their food and drink choices to influence the outcomes. In the real world, when people don’t get enough sleep they tend to overeat, which may limit how much results from this lab experiment might happen in reality, the authors note in a report scheduled for publication in the journal Diabetes Care.

作者在一篇發(fā)表在《糖尿病護(hù)理》的文章中備注道，為了減少食物對(duì)研究結(jié)果的潛在影響，志愿者們被嚴(yán)格限制了飲食。但是，在實(shí)際生活中，人們?nèi)绻疽沟脑?，一般都?huì)暴飲暴食，這就影響了我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究成果在實(shí)際生活中發(fā)生的可能性。

“The results from the present study are unlikely to be fully reflective of what may occur in persons who are older, overweight or obese, or have other potent risk factors for diabetes,” said James Gangwisch, a researcher at Columbia University who wasn’t involved in the study.

詹姆斯·甘維希，一名未曾參與該項(xiàng)研究的哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究員表示，這項(xiàng)研究目前得出的結(jié)論不太可能完全反映出，對(duì)老人、肥胖人群或者帶有其他患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的人群的影響。

Chronically sleep-deprived people are more likely to develop other health problems, though, ranging from obesity to high blood pressure to cognitive deficits, the study authors point out.

這項(xiàng)研究的作者指出，長期熬夜的人群更可能產(chǎn)生很多健康問題，從肥胖到高血壓，再到認(rèn)知缺陷等等。

“By catching up on sleep on the weekends, people are reducing average extent and severity of the effects of sleep deprivation,” Gangwisch added by email. “Ideally, we would all get sufficient sleep on a nightly basis.”

詹姆斯·甘維希在他的郵件中也指出，通過周末補(bǔ)眠，人們可以減少睡眠不足帶來的影響，但是理想狀態(tài)，我們應(yīng)該保證每晚的充足睡眠。