新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

此獨(dú)立形式只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ)，而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ)，否則語(yǔ)意不通。示例：

Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.1. 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間，理由，條件，伴隨狀態(tài)等。He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.

= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.School being over, the boys went home.

= When school was over, the boys went home.The sun having set, we arrived at the station.

= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.王牌重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可省略，此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中：

generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)

strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)

talking of ... 談到

speaking of ... 說(shuō)到

judging from ... 由……來(lái)判斷

taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)

considering ... 考慮到……[示例]

If we judge from his face, he must be ill.

= Judging from his face, he must be ill.He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.2.with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)(表示原因，方式，伴隨等)和定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)緊隨被修飾名詞后。(1) with+ 名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)

The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.

The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.(2) with + 名詞 + adj.

with the door open, he left the classroom.(3) with + 名詞 + adv.

With the gloves off, she felt cold.

With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.(4) with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))

with + 名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng))

With the guide leading us, we got to the village.

The boy was crying with the vase broken.(5) with + 名詞 + 不定式

With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.