新概念英語第二冊語法精粹：狀語從句（上）

知識要點狀語從句是副詞性從句，它在句子中擔(dān)任狀語，修飾主句的動詞、形容詞或副詞。根據(jù)修飾的方面，狀語從句可以分為以下九種：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句。一、時間狀語從句1.when指的是“某一具體的時間”。whenever指的是“在任何一個不具體的時間”。

When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.

當(dāng)我進屋時，他正在寫信。

We shall go there whenever we are free.

我們什么時間有空，我們就去那里。2.when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”，可以看作是并列句,這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。

I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.

我正在街上走著，這時忽然有人從后面拍我的肩膀。3.while指“在某一段時間里”，“在……期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的。

While it was raining, they went out.

天下雨的時候，他們出去了。

I stayed while he was away.

他不在的時候我在。4.as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

他趕快回家，不時地一邊走一邊向后看。5.before譯為在……之前

Be a pupil before you become a teacher.

先做學(xué)生，再做先生。6.after譯為在……之后

He arrived after the game started.

比賽開始后，他到了。7.如主句動詞是持續(xù)性動作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……為止”。從屬連詞為till/until

We waited till (until) he came back .

我們一直等到他回來。8.如主句動詞是瞬間動詞，常用否定式，表示“直……才”“在……以前不”，從句放在句首表示強調(diào)，一般用until

She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock.

她到11點鐘才停止工作。

Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.

她站在那里看著，直到看不見他的身影。9.hardly…when和no sooner…than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as，但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時，從句為過去時，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

我剛一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

我們剛到車站，火車就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

我們剛開始就被叫停。10.在時間狀語從句中，不能用將來時或過去將來時，而要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替將來時。

Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.

我每次乘船都暈船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.

我一聽到這首歌，就感到很愉快。

Next time you come, you’ll see him.

下次你來的時候，就會見到他。11.狀語從句在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句分開，從句在主句之后則不必用標(biāo)點符號。

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

自從1978年以來中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.

我一到上海就給你寫信。二、地點狀語從句where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語。

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

Where there is water there is life.

哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.

無論你去哪都要遵守法律。三、原因狀語從句1.because用來回答why 的問題，語氣最強一般放在主句之后

I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.

昨天我回來晚了，因為我值班。2.since表示既然或全已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首

Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我們開始開會。3.as從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。

As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.

由于他英語懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個單詞。4.seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思，that可以省去。

Now (that) the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.

鑒于天氣已經(jīng)晴朗，我們可以啟程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.

鑒于他病情嚴(yán)重，我們派人去請醫(yī)生去了。四、目的狀語從句

1.目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞may (might), can (could), should 等放在動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標(biāo)點符號，從屬連詞一般為that, so that, in order that, lest = for fear that。

I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.

我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。

We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.

我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .

他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能提前完成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.

多穿點衣服，以免患感冒。五、結(jié)果狀語從句

1.so that前有逗號為結(jié)果狀語從句。so…that的so后面跟形容詞或副詞。

We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.

我們把收音機的音量放大，大家都聽到了新聞。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

他十分激動，以致一句話都說不出來。2.such…that的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a /an…that還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so…that，語氣較強

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他說出了這么重要的理由，得到大家的諒解。

It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

這是一本十分有意思的書，大家都想看。