2015年職稱英語考試知識解析:句子結構(2)

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      2015年職稱英語考試知識解析:句子結構(2)

　　2004年的概括大意題也是對間接地涉及到了對“Instead of …”這個句子的考察。有一道概括大意題考察“Instead of …”所在段落的主題。這道題也可以走捷徑：

　　The company’s assembly line alone threw America’s Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速運轉) . Instead of having workers put together the entire car, 組裝整輛車，F(xiàn)ord’s friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford’s Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作響) along in 1914, the world’s first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.

　　這個段落一共有三個句子, 其中第2句中出現(xiàn)了Ford’s friends(Ford的朋友), 這個短語揭示第2句是一個細節(jié)句, 第3句中出現(xiàn)了具體的時間(in 1914), 這也表明第3句是細節(jié)句, 所以判斷該段的第一句是主題句, 該句中出現(xiàn)了“assembly line”， 因此判斷B是答案。該句說“光是公司的裝配線就把美國的工業(yè)革命投入到了高速運轉之中”。

　　提示：段落的主題句直接揭示段落的主題。

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　　職稱英語的長句子可能帶有較多的附屬結構如：動名詞結構，不定式結構，分詞結構，介詞短語結構， 從句結構等， 而且該可能出現(xiàn)從句套從句的結構。尤其是在B級和A級的考題中， 甚至在一段文字中也可能會同時出現(xiàn)較多的復雜句子結構。如理工類Mobile Phone(B級：2002年理工類閱讀理解考題)中的第一段：

　　Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more information," Robert

　　Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. "If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised," he said.

　　職稱英語的句子結構特點歸納如下:

　　1.長句子結構復雜: 句子中從句, 介詞短語結構, 不定式結構, 分詞結構等出現(xiàn)頻繁，如：

　　(2002年衛(wèi)生類C級考題概括大意與完成句子：Health Education)

　　In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional

　　狀語 主語 謂語

　　and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available

　　目的狀語

　　to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.

　　(2003年理工C閱讀理解文章Eta Carinae)

　　The problem in observing Eta Carinae is that it has been surrounded by a cloud of gas

　　表語從句

　　and dust, making it hard to see the star directly.

　　分詞結構作表語從句中的結果狀語

　　句中還出現(xiàn)了形式賓語的結構: making it hard to see the star directly

　　(2004年綜合C閱讀理解文章Home Heating)

　　Home heating, which accounts for less than 7 percent of all energy consumed in the U.S., has had a commendable (值得贊揚的) efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997, the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in the number of housing units and an increase in house size.

　　2.代詞/冠詞結構使用頻繁, 有時指代關系較復雜, 而且常常是考點設置的地方, 如：

　　(2002年綜合類C級考題閱讀理解：A thirsty World)

　　The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty(渴望的 (for) )for water. This may seems strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water, man can only drink and use the other 3% - the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources.

　　問題: The phrase “the world” in the first line of the passage refers to

　　A. you

　　B. man

　　C. woman

　　D. they

　　文章要讀到“man can only drink and use the other 3%..”(該句說人類只能飲用其余的3%, 顯然這說明了人類缺水, 因此人類渴望水, 這樣該句的內容與the world所在的句子在內容上呼應, 對比這兩個句子的內容判斷B是答案. )才能讓人讀出“The world”的具體所指代的內容。

　　(2003年綜合類C級考題概括大意完成句子：Robots)

　　It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.

　　這個句子中出現(xiàn)了三個代詞: 形式主語it; 指示代詞this(指代“20% of all comic book heroes in Japan”) they (指代comics)

　　3.被動語態(tài)出現(xiàn)頻繁， 如：

　　(2002年衛(wèi)生類B級考題閱讀理解：Natural Medicine)

　　Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them.