2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類B級(jí)閱讀材料(8)

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      2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類B級(jí)閱讀材料(8)

　　美國(guó)疾病防治策

　　周二，健康及人道服務(wù)部秘書(shū)托米湯姆森發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)耗資1500萬(wàn)美元的計(jì)劃，大力推進(jìn)社區(qū)在預(yù)防諸如心臟病，癌癥及糖尿病上發(fā)揮更大能量，以鼓勵(lì)美國(guó)人承擔(dān)起確保自己健康的責(zé)任。

　　這一行動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了慢性病――造成美國(guó)國(guó)人死亡的主要原因所引起的損失，概括了國(guó)人預(yù)防疾病的途徑，包括改善飲食和增加鍛煉。

　　健康和人道服務(wù)部在報(bào)告中指出，“今天，在美國(guó)70%的死亡是由慢性病引起的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上?！?/P>

　　原因往往是行為上的――吸煙、不良的飲食習(xí)慣以及缺乏鍛煉。

　　“我確信通過(guò)增進(jìn)健康來(lái)預(yù)防疾病是一項(xiàng)利在將來(lái)的精明之舉?！睖飞诎l(fā)起該倡議的會(huì)議上說(shuō)。

　　“我們當(dāng)前的健康醫(yī)療體系不是為應(yīng)付治療那些基本上可以通過(guò)改變生活方式來(lái)預(yù)防的疾病的費(fèi)用不斷上升來(lái)設(shè)立的。”

　　湯姆森說(shuō)道，全國(guó)心臟病和中風(fēng)在2003年將要耗資3510億美元。

　　“男性和女性死亡的主要原因都基本上可以預(yù)防，但作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，我們卻尚未采取必要措施使人們生活的更為健康長(zhǎng)壽，”他說(shuō)道。

　　調(diào)撥1500萬(wàn)美元給社區(qū)來(lái)推動(dòng)預(yù)防工作，促使變化，細(xì)微到修建人行道，鼓勵(lì)人們多多步行。

　　每天鍛煉，比如走步，能夠預(yù)防以及治療心臟病及糖尿病，且能預(yù)防癌癥和中風(fēng)。

　　這批撥款也將撥給社區(qū)組織、診所及營(yíng)養(yǎng)師，鼓勵(lì)他們合作，教育有患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人們?nèi)绾稳ヮA(yù)防，鼓勵(lì)人們多做早期癌癥檢查。

　　美國(guó)癌癥學(xué)會(huì)估計(jì)，所有類型癌癥的一半可用早期癌癥檢查測(cè)出，包括針對(duì)宮頸癌的巴氏實(shí)驗(yàn)、針對(duì)乳腺癌的乳房X線照片、結(jié)腸鏡檢查以及前列腺檢查。

　　如果這些所有癌癥都能夠早期檢查測(cè)出，該組織估計(jì)癌癥存活率將上升到95%。

　　New US Plan for Disease prevention

　　Urging Amaricans to take responsibility for their health,Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy thompson Tuesday launched a $15million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseaseslike heart diseases,cancer and diabetes.

　　The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases――the leading causes of death in the United States――and outlines ways that people can prevent them,including better diet and increased exercise.

　　“In the United States today,7of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness,disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,”the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.

　　The causes are often behavioral_smoking,poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.

　　“I am convinced that previenting disease bu promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.

　　“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”

　　Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351billion in 2003.

　　“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable,yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier ,longer lives,”he said.

　　The $15 million is stated to go to communities to promote prevention,pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.

　　Dily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes,and prevent cancer and strokes.

　　The money will also go to community organizations,clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.

　　The Amirican Cancer Sociey estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening,including Pap tests for cervical cancer,mammogams for breast cancer,colonoscopies ,and prostate checks.

　　If such cancers were all caught by early screening,the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.