2014年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合B閱讀理解原文

 【新】2014年職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題及答案（全套）

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　　原文來(lái)自于職稱英語(yǔ)教材綜合類概括大意第一篇

　　第一篇 The Making of a Success Story

　　1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

　　2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings.

　　3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

　　4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

　　5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

　　6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.

　　詞匯：

　　entrepreneur /,entrəprə'nə:/ n.企業(yè)家

　　ware /weə/ n.貨物

　　minimalist /'miniməlist / adj.最簡(jiǎn)單的

　　self-sufficiency /'self-sə'fiʃənsi/ n.自足

　　注釋：

　　1. minimalist furniture：風(fēng)格簡(jiǎn)約的家具

　　2. discounted prices：折扣價(jià)

　　3. flat packaging：平板包裝

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Paragraph 2_________

　　2. Paragraph 3_________

　　3. Paragraph 4_________

　　4. Paragraph 5_________

　　A. Ingvar Kamprad ? a born businessman

　　B. Success brought by the introduction of showrooms

　　C. The origin of IKEA

　　D. Specialization in selling furniture

　　E. Flat packaging ? a feature of IKEA

　　F. World-wide expansion of IKEA

　　5. Even when he was only a child, _________.

　　6. _________, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.

　　7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA's showrooms because _________.

　　8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _________

　　A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.

　　B. it is highly welcomed by both

　　C. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.

　　D. he lives happily in retirement

　　E. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.

　　F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C 第二段介紹了IKEA這個(gè)店名的來(lái)源以及它剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候是一家什么樣的小雜貨店

　　2. D 第三段講了IKEA通過(guò)郵購(gòu)方式銷售自己設(shè)計(jì)、自己制造的家具，業(yè)績(jī)喜人，從而擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)線，專事家具產(chǎn)銷。

　　3. B 1953年IKEA引入展示廳的做法得到很好的反響，銷售大大增加。

　　4. E Kamprad從別人拆卸家具中得到啟發(fā)，于是試行銷售平板包裝的家具，既利己又利人，并使獨(dú)立自行成為IKEA的一個(gè)特色。

　　5. C 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句告訴我們這里要講的是Ingvar小時(shí)候的事情，文章的第一段就說(shuō)了他從小就會(huì)做買(mǎi)賣(mài)。

　　6. A 這句話的后半句說(shuō)IKEA幾年以后才變成一家專營(yíng)家具的公司，前半句很可能講它的前身是什么。

　　7. E 這句的主句講了顧客們喜歡IKEA的展示廳，從句用because引導(dǎo)，很清楚要求給出原因。

　　8. B 這句先給了原因，即平板包裝對(duì)雙方來(lái)說(shuō)都省錢(qián)，那么結(jié)果便是雙方都?xì)g迎。

　　原文來(lái)自于職稱英語(yǔ)教材綜合類概括大意第十篇

　　Washoe Learned American Sign Language

　　1　An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Wash0e had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.

　　2　Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners7 described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

　　3　However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there　are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

　　4　Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees8. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

　　1. Paragraph 1_________.

　　2. Paragraph 2_________.

　　3. Paragraph 3_________.

　　4. Paragraph 4_________.

　　A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This　Research Nowadays

　　B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language

　　C General Information about Washoe

　　D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized

　　E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence

　　F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps

　　答案與題解:

　　1. C 第一段主要介紹黑猩猩 Washoe 的出生地、死亡年齡、被帶到美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)美式手語(yǔ)等一般情況。用 General Information about Washoe 來(lái)概括是很準(zhǔn)確的。

　　2. B 第二段的關(guān)鍵句是: In 1969 ，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report。隨后的句子簡(jiǎn)略介紹了 Washoe 的學(xué)習(xí)情況和結(jié)果，如已學(xué)會(huì) 250 個(gè)單詞，并能用手語(yǔ)表達(dá)"該吃飯了"等概念。所以，Report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language (選項(xiàng) B) 是答案。

　　3. E 第三段介紹了對(duì) Gardener 夫婦發(fā)表的報(bào)告有兩種不同的解讀。一派認(rèn)為 Washoe 的手語(yǔ)能力只是機(jī)械重復(fù)、死記硬背、物質(zhì)激勵(lì)的結(jié)果，不是智能的表現(xiàn)。另一派認(rèn)為這是智能的表現(xiàn)，其證據(jù)是 Washoe 還能教三個(gè)小猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)是黑猩猩有沒(méi)有智能。選項(xiàng) E 用 debate 來(lái)概括上述爭(zhēng)論，所以是答案。

　　4. A 第四段解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在從事這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家人數(shù)不多。部分原因是研究周期太長(zhǎng)。

　　5. C 選 C 的依據(jù)是第二段第四句: Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat。

　　6. A 第三段的上半段說(shuō)了一些科學(xué)家對(duì) Gardener 夫婦的實(shí)驗(yàn)的解讀所持懷疑態(tài)度。題干中出現(xiàn)的 doubted 引導(dǎo)我們選 A。

　　7. D 選 D 的依據(jù)是第三段的最后一句，即 "He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.

　　8. E 本文第二段談到實(shí)驗(yàn)的成果時(shí)有這一個(gè)句子: "She could request foods like apples and bananas.根據(jù)全段意思和上述句子，選擇 E 是正確的。