2014年職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B級(jí)沖刺練習(xí)題三

　　第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)

　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

　　1. The nursery is bright and cheerful.

　　A. pleasant B. clean　 　C. peaceful D. large

　　2. This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.

　　A. never B. rarely　 　C. often D. only

　　3. People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.

　　A. fetched B. carried 　　C. attracted D. pushed

　　4. The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.

　　A. placed B. showed 　　C. pointed D. decided

　　5. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?

　　A. explain B. examine 　　C. choose D. expand

　　6. About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories.

　　A. third B. fourth 　　C. tenth D. fifteenth

　　7. She was grateful to him for being so good to her.

　　A. careful B. hateful 　　C. beautiful D. thankful

　　8. There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt.

　　A. result B. judgement　 　C. estimation D. event

　　9. He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want.

　　A. sure B. angry 　　C. doubtful D. worried

　　10. The last few weeks have been enjoyable.

　　A. close B. near 　　C. past D. several

　　11. What were the consequences of the decision she had made?

　　A. reasons B. results 　　C. causes D. bases

　　12. They didn't realize how serious the problem was.

　　A. know B. forget 　　C. doubt D. remember

　　13. We shall keep the money in a secure place.

　　A. clean B. secret 　 C. distant D. safe

　　14. The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city

　　A. attacked B. surprised　 　C. attracted D. interested

　　15. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.

　　A. get rid of B. set up　 　C. repair　 D. paint

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)?

　　下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

　　Easy Learning

　　Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.

　　By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.

　　To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds―one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.

　　Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.

　　When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.

　　Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds―so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.

　　16. Babies can learn language even in their sleep.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　17. An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　18. Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　19. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　20. The study shows that the infant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　21. If an adult wants to learn a language faster. he can put a language tape under his pillow.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　22. Cheour’s finding is worthless.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～6段其中四段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Screen Test

　　Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.

　　But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.

　　Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.

　　The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.

　　The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.

　　But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.

　　“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”

　　23. Paragraph 2_____

　　24. Paragraph 3_____

　　25. Paragraph 4_____

　　26. Paragraph 5_____

　　A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman

　　B. Investigating the Effect of Screening

　　C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models

　　D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation

　　E. Treatment of Cancers

　　F. Factors That Trigger Cancers

　　27. Early discovery of breast cancer may_____.

　　28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are_____.

　　29. Delaying the age at which screening starts may_____.

　　30. Radiation exposure should be_____.

　　A. be costly

　　B. harmful

　　C. save a life

　　D. still open to debate

　　E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer

　　F. reduced to the minimum

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第一篇

　　Powering a City? It’s a Breeze.

　　The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries ― a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips ― yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.

　　Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.

　　Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US $8, 000 to US $12, 000 and can generate between 3, 000 and 7, 000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10, 000 kilowatt hours.

　　But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.

　　Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.

　　Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturer. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don’t know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.

　　Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It’s a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard, I don’t think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.”

　　31. What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?

　　A. The flat landscape.

　　B. Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

　　C. Metal-pole turbines.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　32. Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A. It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation.

　　B. It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.

　　C. It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient.

　　D. It is driven by urban wind.

　　33. The smallest models of an urban turbine

　　A. is designed for private homes.

　　B. weighs 2,000 kilograms.

　　C. can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.

　　D. can he installed with a crane.

　　34. Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

　　A. the Dutch are natural pioneers.

　　B. the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.

　　C. the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia.

　　D. the Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

　　35. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?

　　A. It can be used for different purposes.

　　B. It can replace nuclear power plant.

　　C. It can be installed in one’s backyard.

　　D. Both A and C.

　　第二篇

　　Explorer of the Extreme Deep

　　Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been unexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters (21, 320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible (能潛水的) or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4, 500 meters (14, 784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.

　　Alvin was launched (發(fā)動(dòng)) in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist (地質(zhì)學(xué)者) and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime，Alvin has carried some 12, 000 people on a total of more than 3, 000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors，special arrangements.”

　　Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere，about 8 feet wide，like Alvin，it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable (機(jī)動(dòng)的). In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.

　　Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.

　　36. What is Alvin?

　　A. A research institute.

　　B. A transporting vehicle.

　　C. A submersible.

　　D. A scientist.

　　37. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?

　　A. It can carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters.

　　B. It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.

　　C. It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.

　　D. It has been used for more than 40 years.

　　38. “... a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to

　　A. the earth.

　　B. out space.

　　C. the ocean.

　　D. Mars.

　　39. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?

　　A. Size.

　　B. Speed.

　　C. Capacity.

　　D. Shape.

　　40. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?

　　A. Offering better views.

　　B. Speed.

　　C. Size.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　第三篇

　　Winged Robot Learns to Fly

　　Learning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and error ―but a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hours, using the same evolutionary principles.

　　Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg , Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it.

　　To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheated―simply standing on its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down.

　　“This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,” says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off. “There’s only so much that evolution can do,” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the strength to do it,” he says.

　　The robot had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards. up or down or twist them in either direction.

　　The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement. A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the rate of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each instruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions.

　　Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones were paired up and “offspring” sets of instructions were generated by swapping instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the process was repeated.

　　41. Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?

　　A. The two professors of CUT built the winged robot

　　B. The two professors of CUT tested whether the winged robot could learn to fly.

　　C. The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings.

　　D. The two professors of CUT tried to find out if the robot could fly by itself.

　　42. How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?

　　A. It rotated its wings through 90 degrees.

　　B. It twitched but gradually gained height.

　　C. It was twitched and broke down.

　　D. It landed not long after the test.

　　43. Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley’s view on the winged robot?

　　A. The winged robot could never really fly.

　　B. The winged robot did not have a motor.

　　C. The winged robot should go through further evolution before it could fly.

　　D. The robot could fly if it were lighter.

　　44. What measured how much lift the robot produced?

　　A. Two vertical rods.

　　B. A movement detector.

　　C. An elastic band.

　　D. Both B and C.

　　45. What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A. Pairing up successful inst ructions.

　　B. Sending instructions to the robot.

　　C. Generating new sets of instructions for evaluation.

　　D. All the above.

　　第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

　　The Magic of Sound

　　Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?

　　Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become car-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 46

　　The noise from a plane’s engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 47 It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves.

　　In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can’t hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 48 It does no harm to health.

　　Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 49 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people’s internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people’s vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won’t damage internal organs or a person’s health. 50 When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.

　　A. High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.

　　B. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.

　　C. We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments.

　　D. If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.

　　E. Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.

　　F. Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.

　　第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

　　下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely (遙遠(yuǎn)地)

　　Speeding off (超速行駛) in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng)的裝置), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine ____(51), he will not be able to start it again.

　　For now, such devices _____ (52) only available for fleets of trucks4 and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization (使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng)) technology could soon start to trickle (慢慢地移動(dòng)) down to ordinary cars, and ______(53) be available to ordinary cars in the UK____(54) two months.

　　The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates ____(55) miniature cellphone (移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī)), a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. ____ (56) the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine _____ (57) restarted.

　　There are even plans for immobilizers ____ (58) shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.

　　In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making _____ (59) harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part _____ (60) the motor insurance industry.

　　He says it would only take him a few minutes to _____(61) a novice (新手, 初學(xué)者) how to steal a car using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are a far tougher (艱苦的) proposition (任務(wù)), as their engine management computer will not _____(62) them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (點(diǎn)火) key. In the UK, technologies like this _______(63) achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime 15 since 1997.

　　But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary (夜竊行為;盜竊). In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.

　　Remote-controlled immobilization system would _____(64) a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the ____(65) expects.

　　51. A. off B. on C. at D. of

　　52. A. is B. was C. were D. are

　　53. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should

　　54. A. after B. for C. in D. at

　　55. A. the B. / C. a D. an

　　56. A. With B. If C. But D. And

　　57. A. helping B. being C. get D. be

　　58. A. whose B. who C. that D. when

　　59. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem

　　60. A. about B. to C. by D. on

　　61. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach

　　62. A. let B. allow C. make D. give

　　63. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped

　　64. A. speak B. have C. link D. put

　　65. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist

　　詞匯選項(xiàng)

　　1-5 ABCBA

　　6-10 BDAAC

　　11-15 BADBA

　　閱讀判斷

　　16-22 ACCAA BB

　　概括大意

　　23-30ABC DCDEF

　　閱讀理解

　　31-35 BBCDD

　　36-40 CACDD

　　41-45 CBABD

　　補(bǔ)全短文

　　46-50 AFEBD

　　完形填空

　　51-55 ADDCC

　　56-60 BBCAC

　　61-65 DBADC

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