2009年職稱英語(yǔ)真題之衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)概括大意

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1～4段每段1選擇個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Cancer

　　1　　Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (~良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back Malignant (惡性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.

　　2　　Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene

　　changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.

　　3　　Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化療), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.

　　4　　Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.

　　23　Paragraph 1 　　　　　.

　　24　Paragraph 2 　　　　　.

　　25　Paragraph 3 　　　　　.

　　26　Paragraph 4 　　　　　.

　　A　Does cancer always cause pain?

　　B　Can cancer be prevented?

　　C　What is cancer?

　　D　How common is cancer?

　　E　What causes cancer?

　　F　How is cancer treated?

　　27　Cancer occurs when cells m the body divide without

　　28　Gene alterations may be caused by

　　29　Treatment for cancer may also bring about some

　　30　Cancer patients may differ in their

　　A　 prescription medicines

　　B　 control or order

　　C　 tolerance for pain

　　D　 various factors

　　E　 normal genes

　　F　 different genes side effects

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