職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)閱讀判斷例題及講解(2)
更新時(shí)間：2015-12-10 11:50:58
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第七講閱讀判斷
材料1
Crypto
Technology is a beauty. We eagerly adopt its pleasure, preferring to cope with the drawbacks
on the morning after. Who can resist innovations like mobile phones and networked computers?
They put anyone, anywhere, within earshot, and zip information -- whether an expression of love,
a medical chart or a plan for a product rollout - around the world in a heartbeat2, Unfortunately, it's
all too easy for eavesdroppers to snap up3 those messages and conversations en route to their
intended receiver. We think we're whispering, but we're broadcasting. In this case, there's an antidote4: cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protectinformation.
If you scramble information before it's sent, eavesdroppers can't hear what you say
or read what you've written. The good news is that, after decades of struggle against a government
opposed to its widespread use, we've finally got access to crypto -- software that does the
scrambling, as well as other functions like "digital signatures" that will authenticate that we are
who we say we are in cyberspace5. You might not see the crypto, but it's there, going into action
every time your computer tells you it's going into the secret "secure mode." What should alarm
you is that crypto still isn't there -- in the millions of medical records, credit-card databases. We
can attribute that failure to the government's active opposition6.
Nowadays, more and'more of the activities once associated with that good old physical world
will be performed at our keyboards, phone devices and paimtops and over digital televisions.
Crypto lies at the center of this transition, and we're going to ask a lot of it over the next few years.
Will our e-mail and phone systems ever have strong encryption and digital signatures built in?
WH1 feats of crypto really send "digital cash" to replace the paper money, and enable us to spend it
in stores?
The issues in the crypto-battle, the first great war of the digital age, were more
straightforward. As people cozied up to7 digital communications, and e-commerce became a force
in the economy, the need for crypto's near-magical power of encryption and authentication
became red hot8. But those at the helm of the government9 focused not on the benefits, but the
dangers -- the fear that terrorists or drug dealers would use this digital shield. Ultimately, the
question boiled down to this: in an attempt to deny those dangerous few, were we all to be
deprived of the tools of privacy?
練習(xí)：
1 Technology is like an art, which everybody including scientists loves.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. In the passage, drawbacks means the messages we send may be intercepted or overheard by
non-intended receivers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. With the widespread use of digital communications and e-commerce, encryption will
become very urgent.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. We have finally got the crypto in our computer but not in medical records and credit-card
databases.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. More and more activities performed in the physical world will be replaced by activities in the electronic world.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. The passage clearly concludes that we need a new organization to popularize encryption and authentication.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Encryption can protect privacy, but can stop terrorism and drug dealing as well.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
練習(xí)答案
1C 2A 3A 4A 5A 6C 7B
材料2
概括大意與完成句子
Intelligence: a Changed View
1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all
possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore,
was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to
learn'complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for
different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.
Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and
at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different
types of secondary education.
2. Today, we are. beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown
doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of
intelligence itself~. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of
environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds
not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to
deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.
3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic
intelligence and observed intelligence2. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict
development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure
innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of
whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment3.
Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.
4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the
development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50
percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the
parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between
"privileged" and "disadvantaged" children4 may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate
verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences5.
These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of
intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it
as a set of developed skills with which a person, copes with any environment. These skills
have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.
The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on
our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward
comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes6, fewer children will be
given the label "low IQ7'' which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society's
eyess. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach
them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.
詞匯：
entity／n．存在，實(shí)體 interaction／n．相互作用
stream／v．(根據(jù)能力把學(xué)生)分組 stimulation／n．激發(fā)，促進(jìn)
innate／adj．內(nèi)在的
練習(xí)
|
A Main Results of Recent Researches
B Popular Doubt about the New View
C Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D Intelligence and Achievement
E Impact on School Education
F A Changed View of Intelligence |
1. ParagraPh 2______
2. Paragraph 4______
3. Paragraph 5______
4. Paragraph 6______
5. It was once believed ______, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future
according to his/her intelligence.
6. More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited
7. It can be inferred from the passage that a child will ______if he has more opportunities to
communicate with others by means of language.
8. Children were not just _______ , but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school.
|
A born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C taught to be more intelligent
D that intelligence was something a baby was born with '
E and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
P and nartlv has to do with a child's living environment |
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