2002年職稱英語考試綜合類(A級)真題

　　下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　1 The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather．

　　A jumps    B rises

　　C falls     D changes

　　2 Did you do that to irritate her?

　　A tease    B  attract

　　C annoy     D protect

　　3  Mary looked pale and weary．

　　A ill      B tired

　　C worried   D peaceful

　　4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水)．

　　A polluted    B downgraded

　　C mixed      D blackened

　　5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive．

　　A very boring    B verythorough

　　C very interesting D very touching

　　6  Alice is a fascinating girl．

　　A a beautiful    B a pretty

　　C an attractive  D a pleasant

　　7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.

　　A displayed    B shown

　　C proved      D assessed

　　8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.

　　A offered    B rented

　　C provided   D sold

　　9  She stood there crying and trembling with fear．

　　A shaking    B staggering

　　C struggling  D murmuring

　　10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so．

　　A ran     B rolled

　　C walked  D raced

　　11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises．

　　A argued    B derived

　　C permitted   D come

　　12 I can no longer tolerate his actions.

　　A put up with     B accept

　　C take       D suffer from

　　13 Our plan is to a11ocate one member of staff to handle appointments

　　A ask    B persuade

　　C assign   D order

　　14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage.

　　A extensive    B negative

　　C responsive  D explosive

　　15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs．

　　A supply      B  reach

　　C provide    D  meet

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷   （第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）

　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的信息是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

　　Coming Soon'to a Theater Near You!

　　What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects？

　　Dinosaurs(恐龍)from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects，and it has transformed the movies we see.

　　The revolution began in the mid-1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars，a film that stunned (使震驚)audiences．That revolution continues to the present，with dramatic changes in special-effects technology．The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light& Magic (ILM)．And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren，who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars．

　　Muren's interest in special effects began very early．At the age of 6，he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships．At 10，he had an 8-millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion．(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera．moved slightly,shot again，and so on．When the shots are put together,the objecto appear to move.)

　　Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about：taking on new challenges.By 1989，Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.

　　He saw computer graphics(圖像)(CG)technology as the wave of the future and．took a year off to master it．

　　With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processmg，tbr example，and many separate shots can be combined into a single image．CG technology has now reached the point，Muren says，where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories bener than ever before．The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel(續(xù)集)，The Lost Word,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs，suggests that this may very well be true.

　　1 6 The special-effects revolution began in the mid-1980s with Star Wars．

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　17 ILM is the company responsible for many of the changes in special- effects technology．

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　18 Dennis Muren started his schooling at a very early age．

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　19 At the age of 10，Muren was able to use computer graphics technology to make things move．

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　20 By the stop-motion process，many separate shots can be combined into a single image.

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　21  Muren feels that with CG technology,special effects can be used to make movies more expressive.

　　A Right   B Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　22 Today's film makers emphasize special effects at the expense of the story.

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned
 
    第3部分：概括大意與完成句子  (第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)
 
　　閱讀下面整蔓短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個正確的小標題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　Messages from the Media

　　1．The weather forecast，a story about the candidates in an election，and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media．A communication medium，of which the-plural(復(fù)數(shù)的)form is media，is a means of communicating a message．Examples of media are television，radio,newspapers and books and the telephone．The media that Can reach many people at once are called mass media．

　　2.  It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media．Every day we get hundreds of them．Think about advertisements，for example．We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go．Advertisements are important messages，even though they are sometimes annoying．They help us compare and evaluate products．

　　3. Most ot us get more information from the media than from the classroom．Think．for a moment，about how you learn about local news and events．Do you depend on other people or the media?What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer，"Television"．

　　4． Think of all the messages you received today．Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast，or maybe you read advertisements on billboards(露天廣告牌)on your way to schoo1．Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning?Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication-a book．

　　5．  We use the information we get from radio，television，newspapers，and other media to make decisions and form opinions．That is why the mass media are so important．Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote，consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money,and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace．

　　23 Paragraph 2

　　24 Paragraph 3

　　25 Paragraph 4

　　26 Paragraph 5

　　A  lmportance of Classroom Learning

　　B  Television-A Rich Source of Information

　　C  Advertisements as lmportant Messages from the Mass Media

　　D  Various Messages One May Receive Each Day

　　E  Media-Means to Communicate Messages

　　F  lmportance of the Mass Media

　　27 Each day we get a lot ofmessages from              .

　　28 Television ,radio and books are all important media of           .

　　29 For most people television is the most important                .

　　30 The mass media arc important to US because they shape          .

　　A sports news

　　B our decisions and opinions

　　C mass communication

　　D our messages

　　E source of information

　　F the mass media

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　第一篇       Valuing Childhood

　　The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today's world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro，Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys，7 arid 8，were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．

　　Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldll't begin to explain his acts，though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive――youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in

　　similar trouble apparently lack any inner,moral restraint?

　　That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle，a selfish impulse corn．mort enough among kids．

　　Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done，children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults，not if a people wants to consider itself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment ofyouthful criminals ultimately miss the point．

　　But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources．Family instability contributes．So does economic stress．That void，however,can be filled．The work starts with parents,who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?

　　Schools，too，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do youth entorcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．

　　The goal，ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who 1ack the moral foundations childhood should provide――and which progressive human society relies on．

　　31 The two boys in Chicago were

　　A  shot．

　　B  murdered．

　　C  accused．

　　D  sentenced．

　　32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of

　　A right and wrong．

　　B discipline．

　　C  shame．

　　D  safety．

　　33 According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as

　　A  murderers．

　　B  criminals．

　　C  victims．

　　D  adults．

　　34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?

　　A  Official corruption．

　　B  Social injustice．

　　C  Family instability．

　　D  Racial discrimination．

　　35 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?

　　A Parents should strengthen moral instruction．

　　B Schools should help create a moral sense in children．

　　C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.

　　D Youth organizations play no role in building character．

    第二篇   Characteristics of Publieity
 
　　Publicity offers several benefits．There are no costs for message time or space.An ad in prime-time television may cost$250，000 to$500，000 or more per minute，whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything．However,there are costs for news releases, a publicity department，and other items．As with advertising，publicity reaches a mass audience.Within a short time，new products or company policies are widely known．Line 5

　　Credibility about messages is high，because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper,because the reader associates independence with objectivity．Similarly,people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads．For example，The Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements．Readers spend time reading the stories，but they flip through(瀏覽)the ads．Furhermore，there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine．Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly．

　　Publicity also has some significant limitations．A firm has little control over messages，their timing，their placement，or their coverage by a given medium．It may issue dctailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media；and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like．

　　For example．in 1 982，Procter&Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo(標志)．A few ministers and other private citizens believed that the symbol was sacrilegious(褻瀆的)．These beliefs were covered extensively by the media and resulted in the firm receiving 1 5，000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone.To combat this negative publicity,the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy(神父) that refuted(消除)the rumors，threatened to sue(控告)those people spreading the stories，and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America．The media．cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest．However, in 1985，negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter&Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products．

　　A firm may want publicity during certain periods，such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened．but the media may not cover the introduetion or openmg until after the time it would aid the firm．Similarly,the media determine the placement of a story；it may follow a

　　report on crime or sports.Finally,the media determine whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it．A company-sponsored jobs program might go unreported or receive three．sentence coverage in a local newspaper．

　　36 The word"mass"in Line 5 could best be replaced by

　　A  grouped．

　　B  crowded．

　　C  gathered．

　　D large．

　　37 The second paragraph implies that people are more likely to believe stories

　　A in a newspaper than in a women's daily．

　　B in a newspaper than in a magazine．

　　C in an independent newspaper than in a dependent newspaper．

　　D in a magazine than in a local newspaper．

　　38 According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?

　　A  A firm can control and time publicity accurately．

　　B  A firm can neither control nor time publicity accurately．

　　C  A firm can either control or time publicity accurately．

　　D  In most cases a firm can control and time publicity accurately．

　　39 The example in Paragraph 4 is intended to demonstrate

　　A the power of publicity．

　　B the victim of publicity．

　　C the terrible effects of rumors．

　　D the vulnerability of people to publicity．

　　40 The passage implies that

　　A the placement of a story is not quite important．

　　B the report of a crime may not be true．

　　C local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programs.

　　D publicity is not always necessary．

　　第三篇    Effects of Environmental Pollution

　　If poilution continues to increase at the present rate，formation of aerosols(浮質(zhì))in the atmosphere will cause the onset(開始)of an ice age in about fifty years'time．This conclusion,reached by Dr S．I．Rasool and Dr S．H．Schneider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Centre，answers the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down．The Ameficans have shown conclusively that the aerosol question is dominant．

　　Two spectres haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might 1ead to the planet's becoming unbearably hot or cold．One of these ghosts has now been 1aid．because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2℃.which would take place over several thousand years．But the other problem now looms larger than ever．

　　Aerosols are collections of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium．The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundred atoms．Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time．Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog(煙霧)ofthe kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today．These collections of aerosols reflect the Sun's  heat and thereby cause the Earth to cool．

　　Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosollayer just above the Earth's surface in the temperature of the planet．As the layer builds up．the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radiated from the Earth is disturbed．The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Sun's light but also

　　transmits the infrhred(紅外線的)radiation from below．So，while the heat input to the surface drops．the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state．

　　Within fifty years，if no steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere，a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5℃. seems inevitable．If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age，and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of the Sun's radiation it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol

　　layer were destroyed．

　　The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider that nuclear power may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of the atmosphere from becoming critical．

　　4l The author's main purpose in writing the article is to warn of

　　A  warm weather．

　　B  hot weather．

　　C  a new ice age．

　　D  a new iceberg．

　　42 The word"species"in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

　　A  "pollution"．

　　B  "carbon．dioxide"．

　　C  "aerosols"．

　　D  "ghosts"．

　　43 We learn from the third paragraph that

　　A London was plagued with rats in the 1950s．

　　B London is covered with smog today．

　　C London was polluted by smog in the 1950s．

　　D Los Angeles is as heavily polluted today as London was in the 1950s．

　　44  What will happen if the dust aerosol layer develops?

　　A The Earth will get extremely hot．

　　B The balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount lost could hardly be maintained．

　　C The light of the Sun could no longer reach the surface of the Earth．

　　D  Infrared radiation could no longer be transmitted from the Earth to outer space．

　　45 The only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere，according to Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider,is to use

　　A  fossil fuels．

　　B  electric power．

　　C  nuclear energy．

　　D  coal power．

    第5部分：補全短文  (第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
 
　　閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　Broken：Dreams of Rural Peace

　　It was dusk in Tubney Woods．deep in ratal Oxfordshire．The birds were singing at the end of another perfect day．The woman living at the edge of the forest could stand it no longer：She phoned the local noise pollution officer．

　　"It's the rooks(禿鼻烏鴉)，"she said．"I can't bear that awful cawing(呱呱地叫)noise．Can you do something about it?"

　　The call was no surprise to officials at the Vale of White Horse District Council．      (46)The countryside，as every country-dweller knows，can be a hellishly(可怕地)noisy place．

　　Last week David Stead，a West Yorkshire farmer,appeared in court in Wakefield accused of allowing his cocks to break noise regulations by crowing(打鳴)at dawn，waking a neighbour．      (47)Six months ago Corky,a four-year-old cock，was banned from crowing after complaints in the Devon village of Stoke．

　　Complaints about'noise reasonable or not――are at record levels in country areas.Environmental health officers say this is partly because of an increase in noisy activity．However a significant number of complaints come from newcomers to the countryside．

　　There are many sources of rural noise．      (48)Mechanised grain driers，usually switched on for three weeks in September,can produce a maddening low-frequency hum．Mike Roberts．chief environmental health officer at Vale of White Horse，said noise often sounded worse in the countryside than in cities．With less background sound,unwelcome noises can seem louder and travel further．

　　The oddest complaints．however,are the ones council officials can do nothing about．Vale of White Horse officials have been asked to silence not only nesting rooks．Pigeons and pheasants(雉雞)have also caused concerrl．In Kent，council officials have been asked to silence baby lambs    (49)Another insisted he could hear an alien spaceship landing over the garden fence．

　　"We get regular complaints．They usually come from retired people who have just moved into the country．We send them a polite leaer．"

　　And the lady who complained about the rooks?She was politely told she would have to put up with it． "        (50)"said Mr Roberts．"In the end，she accepted there was nothing much she could do-except move out．"It is not recorded who won，the lady or the rooks.

　　A  Mr Stead said they were only doing what comes naturally．

　　B  We asked her what we were supposed to do，shoot the birds，or chop the trees down?

　　C They have heard every kind of complaint.

　　D  One man rang to say he was kept awake by the splashing of a fountain in the garden next door.

　　E  The council will ask the farmer to move it．

　　F  Farm machinery is a common cause．

　　第6部分：完形填空   （第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）

　　閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　Importance of the Public Image

　　Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers，suppliers，and stocknoIdes（股東），by the financial community，by the communities in which it operates，and by the federal and local governments．Public image is controllable to a      （51）extent，just as the product，price，place，and promotional efforts are．

　　A firm's public image      (52)a vital role in the attractiveness of the firm and its products to employees，customers，   (53)to such outsiders as stockholders，suppliers，creditors(債權(quán)人)，government officials，as well         as    (54)special groups.With some things it is impossible to satisfy all the diverse publics：for example，a new highly automated Dlant may meet         the       (55)of creditors and stockholders，but it will undoubtedly'find resistance from employees who see their        (56)threatened.On the other hand，high．quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval，       (57)low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.

　　A firm's public image，         (58)it is good，should be treasured and protected.It is a      (59)asset that usually is built up over a long and satisfying re1ationship of a firm with its publics．If a firm has       (60)a quality image，this is not easily countered or imitated by competitors .    (61)an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices,to woo(追求)the best distributors and dealers，to attract the best employees，to      (62)the most flavorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs?It should also allow the firm's stock to command a higher price-earnings ratio than other firms in the same industry       (63)such a good reputation and public image.

　　A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation.        (64) include physical facilities，contacts of outsiders with company employees，product quality and dependability,prices         (65)competitors，customer service，the kind of advertising and the media and programs used，and the use of public relations and publicity．

　　51 A consistent     B considerable      C considerate    D  free

　　52 A establishes   B plays       C makes          D  obtains

　　53 A but                B however       C and            D  as

　　54 A changing       B variable          C deviate        D diverse

　　55 A thought         B credit            C approval       D  idea

　　56 A bowls            B iobs              C machines       D themselves

　　57 A while           B when              C as      D and

　　58 A as                B if                C  which         D  since

　　59 A valuable       B worthless         C worthwhile     D  satisfactory

　　60 A copied         B developed         C  found         D learned

　　61 A With          B Such       C Like           D Because

　　62 A prospect       B inspect           C  suspect       D expect

　　63 A with          B without           C  in            D of

　　64 A They          B Many       C  Some       D Most

　　65 A related to     B connected with    C  relative to   D dependent to