2018年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解專題練習(20)

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2018年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解專題練習(20)

【第一篇】

If the Dakota Access Pipeline(輸油管道) is completed, it will carry nearly half a million bar-rels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $ 3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year. But the Standing Rock Sioux, an American Indian tribe( 部落), is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (76)Both sides show no signs of backing down.

The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux began a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thou-sands of people, including people from American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest.

ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Work-ers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (閥) within three minutes if leaks are detected.

American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.

Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.

11.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create more markets for oil and gas.

B.The Dakota Access Pipeline will create many job opportunities.

C.American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline.

D.American Indians fight for equal voting rights.

答案：C

解析： 【定位】第一段第二句話“Energy Transfer Partners…hopes to finish construction this year.”;第三句話“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an Amefican Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipefine from being built.”和第四句話“Bom sides show no signs of back-ing down.”。

主旨題。題干問的是“下列哪項表達了本文的大意?”根據(jù)定位句第一句“ETP

公司期望在今年內(nèi)完成輸油管道建設”，第三句“立巖蘇族決定要中止1172英里長的輸油管道的修建”，第四句“雙方都沒有妥協(xié)的跡象”可知雙方矛盾所在。A項“達科塔輸油管道將為原油和天然氣創(chuàng)造更多市場”;B項“達科塔輸油管道將創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機會”;D項“美國印第安人為平等投票權(quán)而戰(zhàn)”在文中均沒有提及。故選C。

12.ETP hopes to finish this project in__________.

A.2016

B.2017

C.2018

D.2019

答案：A

解析：【定位】第一段第二句話“Energy Transfer Partners…hopes to finish construction mis year.”。細節(jié)題。題干問的是“ETP公司希望在哪一年完成工程建設?”定位句指出“ETP公司期望在今年內(nèi)完成輸油管道建設”。由于今年是2016年，故選A。

13.Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?

A.Because it will cost up to $ 3.8 billion.

B.Because it threatens the region' s water supply.

C.Because it will make many people lose their jobs.

D.Because it will force many people to leave their homes.

答案：B

解析：【定位】第二段第五句話“They also say the pipefine could pollute their main water source， the Missouri River.”。細節(jié)題。題干問的是“為什么美國印第安人抗議反對輸油管道的建設?”根據(jù)定位句“他們同時認為管道可能會污染當?shù)氐闹饕?mdash;—密蘇里河”可知，印第安人反對管道建設的一個原因是擔心管道會污染水源。A項“因為工程耗資達38億”，不是印第安人抗議的原因;C項“因為很多人會因此失業(yè)”和D項“這將迫使很多人離開家園”均未在文中提及，故選B。

14.According to the passage, the workers can__________ in case of pipeline leaks.

A.report it to the local government

B.ask people to leave the leak affected areas

C.call 911

D.close valves

答案：D

解析：【定位】第三段第二句話“Workers will also monitor it remotely，and will be able to close valves within three minutes if leaks are detected.”。 細節(jié)題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，出現(xiàn)管道泄漏時，工人可以如何應對?”定位句“工人們可以進行遠程監(jiān)控，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有泄露，他們可以在3分鐘之內(nèi)關(guān)上閥門。”表明工人可以關(guān)閉閥門。A項“向當?shù)卣畢R報”;B項“讓人們離開泄漏影響地區(qū)”;C項“打電話給911”，均未在文中提及。故選D。

15.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A.This pipeline will cross four states.

B.This pipeline is 1,179. miles long.

C.All the protesters are from the Standing Rock Sioux.

D.Neither side of the dispute is willing to compromise.

答案：C

解析：【定位】第一段第一句話“If the Dakota Access Pipeline is completed，it will carry nearly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day.”;第一段第三句話“But the Standing Rock Sioux，an American Indian tribe，is determined to stop the 1，172-mile pipeline from be-ing built.”;第二段最后一句話“Since then，thousands of people，including people from other American Indian tribes，have Raveled to the site to join the protest.”;第一段最后一句話“Both sides show no signs of backing down.”。

綜合分析題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個表述不正確?”根據(jù)定位句分別得出四個選項：A項“如果達科塔輸油管道完工，每天近50萬桶原油將跨越四個州進行輸送。”;B項“立巖蘇族決定要中止1172英里長的輸油管道的修建”;C項“此后，幾千人，包括美國其他印第安部落的人們紛紛來到工地加入抗議大軍。”;D項“雙方都沒有表示妥協(xié)的跡象。”。A、B、D三個選項均符合文中表述，只有C項不完全符合，故選C。

【第二篇】

As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary(周年紀念), President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national monument, and the expansion(擴大)of another. In Maine, more than 87,500 acres of forest will become government-protected parkland for the first time. In Hawaii, a national monument created by President George W. Bush in 2006 will expand to about 582,578 square miles, four times its current size.

Obama has now created or enlarged 26 national monuments during his presidency. As a result,his administration says, Obama has protected more of the nation' s land than any other president has. But some residents and officials, in both Maine and Hawaii, object to the plans. (78)They say their local economies depend on the use of these areas.

In establishing this monument, Obama took the side of conservationists ( 自然資源保護者)who want laws to protect wild lands. Creating a national park usually requires the approval of Con-gress. But a 1906 federal law allows the president to establish national monuments on his own.

The land' s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there. (79)It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting. Some of Maine' s politicians who want to protect the state' s logging industries say Obama should not have acted alone. They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land, especially when people' s jobs are at stake. Maine politician Susan Collins said the president should have listened to Maine lawmakers and residents, as well as to the U. S. Congress before making his decision.

However, those who support the president' s decision say the establishment of the new monu-ment will lead to new jobs through tourism.

16.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.Creating New Jobs

B.Protecting Wild Animals

C.Stimulating Local Economies

D.Creating New National Monuments

答案：D

解析：第一段第一句話“As the National Park Service celebrates its lOOth anniversary，President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new nafional monument，and the expansion of another.”。

主旨題。題干問的是“下列哪個最適合做文章的標題?”根據(jù)定位句“在美國國家公園管理處慶祝100周年紀念之際，巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)宣布將新建一處并擴建另一處國家公園。”可知本文將重點討論國家公園的新建和擴建問題。A項“創(chuàng)造新的工作”;B項“保護野生動物”;C項“刺激當?shù)亟?jīng)濟”;D項“建立新的國家公園”，只有D項最接近。故選D。

17.Obama has established or enlarged __________ national monuments during his two terms.

A.19

B.20

C.26

D.30

答案：C

解析：【定位】第二段第一句話“Obama has now created or enlarged 26 nafional monuments dur-ing his presidency.”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“在兩屆任期內(nèi)，奧巴馬已經(jīng)建立或改建了多少處國家公園?”根據(jù)定位句“在其任期內(nèi)，奧巴馬已經(jīng)新建或擴建了26處國家公園。”可知為26處。故選C。

18.In national monuments, __________ is forbidden.

A.logging

B.hunting

C.mining

D.road-building

答案：C

解析：【定位】第四段第一句話“The land’s new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there.”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“在國家公園內(nèi)，哪些事是禁止的?”根據(jù)定位句“成為國家公園用地的土地禁止用于采礦和鉆探。”可知采礦(C項)和鉆探是被禁止的，而伐木(A項)、狩獵(B項)和修路(D項)是被限制的，故選C。

19.The phrase at stake in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.

A.in return

B.in danger

C.at present

D.by chance

答案：B

解析：【定位】第四段倒數(shù)第二句話“They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land，especially when people’s jobs are at stake.”。

詞匯題。題干問的是“第四段的at stake詞組最接近哪個意思?”定位句“他們說白宮不應該干涉各州對土地的使用，特別是當威脅到當?shù)厝司蜆I(yè)的時候。”表明at stake有“威脅”的意思。A項“回報”;B項“危險”;C項“目前”;D項“偶爾”。故選B。

20.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A.The national monument in Hawaii was created by President Bush.

B.There is no objection to President Obama' s decision.

C.President Obama made this decision on his own.

D.The establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs.

答案：B

解析：【定位】第一段最后一句話“In Hawaii，a national monument created by President George W.Bush in 2006…”;第二段第三句話“But some residents and officials，…，object to theplans.”;第四段第三句話“Some of Maine’s politician…say Obama should not have acted alone.”;最后一段“…those who suppoa the president’S decision say…will lead to new jobs…”。

綜合分析題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪項表述不正確?”根據(jù)定位句“在夏威夷，喬治?W?布什總統(tǒng)在2006批準建立的一處國家公園”可知A項正確;根據(jù)定位句“但是，來自緬因州和夏威夷的一些居民和官員則反對這些計劃。”可知B項不符合文意;根據(jù)定位句“有些緬因州政治家…認為奧巴馬不應該獨斷專行。”可知C項正確;根據(jù)定位句“支持總統(tǒng)決定的人認為新的國家公園的建立會…創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機會。”可知D項正確。故選B。

【第三篇】

Toronto' s third City Hall, now known as Old City Hall, was designed by Edward James Len-nox and declared open on Sept.18,1899.

Created to provide more space for city officials, it turned out to be the largest building in the city and the largest city building in North America at the time.

Lennox took three years to design the City Hall and it took 11 years to build it. Contemporaries believe that the odd carvings (雕刻) above the Queen Street entrance were actually caricatures(漫畫) of councilors at the time.

Lennox even included himself in the caricatures, on the west side of the central arch ( 拱門 ),and left a strange signature in the stonework of the link portions of the building.

The third City Hall was originally used as councilors' offices and legal offices, but it is used only as a courthouse today.

When the fourth City Hall (the one we know today) was declared open in 1965, Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down. It was saved by a group of people called the "Friends of Old City Hall. "

The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street, rather than with the center of the building. The bells in the tower were not installed until the building opened. Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.

(80) The entire structure cost more than $ 2.5 million to build at the time. This is equal to $ 53 million today.

21.Toronto's third City Hall came into use in__________.

A.the 18th century

B.the 19th century

C.the 20th century

D.the 21st century

答案：B

解析： 【定位】第一段“Toronto’s third City Hall，…and declared open on Sept.18，1899.”。細節(jié)題。題干問的是“多倫多第三市政廳在哪一年投入使用?”根據(jù)定位句“多倫多第三市政廳…于1899年9月18日開放”可知，市政廳是在1899年投入使用。1899年屬于l9世紀，故選B。

22. Old City Hall was constructed in __________ years.

A.3

B.7

C.9

D.11

答案：D

解析：【定位】第三段第一句“…it took 11 years to build it.”。 細節(jié)題。題干問的是“老市政廳修建了多少年?”根據(jù)定位句“…建設周期更長達11年”可知，共花了11年。故選D。

23.The third City Hall is now used as a__________.

A.middle school

B.hospital

C.cinema

D.courthouse

答案：D

解析：【定位】第五段“…but it is used only as a courthouse today.”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“第三市政廳目前作為什么使用?”根據(jù)定位句“…但今天只用作一個法庭。”可知目前只作為法庭使用。故選D。

24.From the passage we learn that__________.

A.Toronto spends lots of money yearly developing the city

B.some local residents showed a great interest in protecting the city' s cultural site

C.the City Council of Toronto hasn' t paid sufficient attention to the protection of the city' s culture

D.the City Hall is still the largest city building in North America today

答案：B

解析：【定位】第六段最后一句話“It was saved by a group of people called the‘Friends of Old City Hall.’”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“從文中，我們可得知什么?”根據(jù)定位句“一…這座市政廳被稱為‘老市政廳之友’的群體拯救了。”可知B項是正確的。A項“多倫多每年花大量的錢來發(fā)展城市”，文中沒有提及;C項“多倫多市政府對城市文化的保護沒有給予足夠的重視”，這與倒數(shù)第二段最后一句將老市政廳列為歷史遺跡不符;D項“今天，市政廳仍是北美最大的城市建筑”，第二段中提到老市政廳曾經(jīng)是北美最大的市政建筑，但對今天的情況并沒有提到。’綜合考慮，故選B。

25.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.To build a structure like the City Hall will cost $ 2.5 million today.

B.The clock tower stands parallel with the centre of the City Hall.

C.Old City Hall was once pulled down in the development of the city.

D.Old City Hall is now a historical site.

答案：D

解析：【定位】最后一段第二句話“This is equal to$53 million today.”;倒數(shù)第二段第一句“The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street，rather than with the center of the building.”;第六段第一句“…Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down.”;倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.”。

綜合分析題。題干問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪項是正確的?”根據(jù)定位句“這相當于今天的5300萬美元。”(A項不符);“鐘樓與貝街中心點平行，而不是與市政廳的中心平行。”(B項不符);“…老市政廳面臨著被拆除的危險。”(C項不符);“老市政廳在1989年被認定為歷史遺跡。”(D項符合)。綜合分析可知，答案中只有D項是符合文中原義的，故選D。

【第四篇】

The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to 21. The measure is part of a larger package of laws aimed at reducing tobacco use. If Gover-nor Jerry Brown signs the bill, California will become the second state, after Hawaii, to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products. More than 100 cities in the U. S., inclu-ding New York and Boston, have already raised the age limit.

A week ago, the Caiifomia Assembly approved the measure, which--in addition to raising the age limit--treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products, expands smoke-free areas, in-creases smoking bans and allows counties to collect higher taxes on cigarettes than the 87-cent per pack state tax. The Assembly' s vote came a few days after the city of San Francisco increased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.

California lawmakers passed the bill despite lobbying (游說)from tobacco interests. The meas-ure also faced opposition from many Republicans, who said the state should not be involved in po-licing people' s personal choices. "I don' t smoke. I don' t encourage my children to," said Re-publican Assemblyman Donald Wagner. "But they' re adults, and it' s our job to treat our citizens as adults. "

But supporters of the bill say raising the age to 21 moves legally purchased tobacco that much farther from younger kids. " This will save the medical system millions of dollars," said Democratic Assemblyman Jim Wood. ( 76 ) "It will save thousands of lives. " A 2015 study by the Institute of Medicine "found that if the minimum legal age to buy tobacco were raised to 21 nation-wide, tobacco use would drop by 12 percent by the time today' s teens reached adulthood. In addi-tion, there would be 223,000 fewer premature ( 過早的) deaths and 50,000 fewer deaths from lung cancer. "

26.Which of the following is the first state to raise smoking age to 21?

A.California.

B.Hawaii.

C.New York.

D.Washington.

答案：B

解析：【定位】第一段第三句話“…California will become me second stme，after Hawaii，to raise the age lirnjt for buying cigarettes alld otller tobacco products.”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“哪個是第一個提高吸煙年齡到21歲的州?”根據(jù)定位句“加州將成為繼夏威夷之后第二個提高購買香煙和其他煙草產(chǎn)品合法年齡的州”可以推斷加州是第二個州，而夏威夷是第一個州，故選B。

27.The California law includes all the following measures EXCEPT__________.

A.enlarging no-smoking areas

B.allowing counties .to collect higher taxes on cigarettes

C.increasing smoking bans

D.punishing parents who encourage their children to smoke

答案：D

解析：【定位】第二段第一句話“…treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products，ex-pallds smoke-free areas，increases smoking bans and allows counties to collect lligher taxes…”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“下列哪項規(guī)定不在加州法律范圍內(nèi)?”定位句指出加州法律范圍內(nèi)有四條附加規(guī)定，分別是將電子香煙視為與煙草產(chǎn)品同等的存在，擴大了禁煙區(qū)的范圍(A項)，提高了禁煙令(C項)，并且允許各鎮(zhèn)對香煙征收高稅(B項)。由此可知，D項“對鼓勵孩子抽煙的父母進行懲罰”不屬于加州法律范圍。故選D。

28.The word policing in Paragraph 3 probably means__________.

A.enriching

B.controlling

C.understanding

D.protecting

答案：B

解析：【定位】第三段第二句話“…who said the state should not be involved in policing people’s personal choices.”。

詞匯題。題干問的是“第三段中的policing的意思是?”根據(jù)定位句“…州政府不應policing人們的個人選擇”可知，policing和政府行為有關(guān)，即用政策(policy)進行干涉和控制。A項“豐富”;B項“控制”;C項“了解”;D項“保護”。只有B項符合句意，故選B。

29.Who is against the bill?

A.Governor Jerry Brown.

B.Assemblyman Donald Wagner.

C.Assemblyman Jim Wood.

D.The mayor of San Francisco.

答案：B

解析：【定位】第三段第二句話“The measure also faced opposition from many Republicans，…”和第三句話“…said Republican Assemblyman Donald Wagner.”。

細節(jié)題。題干問的是“誰反對這項法案?”定位句“該項法案遭到了許多共和黨人的反對”以及“共和黨人唐納德?瓦格納說”表明唐納德?瓦格納屬于反對法案的人群。A項“州長杰瑞?布朗”;B項“立法委員唐納德?瓦格納”;C項“立法委員吉姆?伍德”;D項“舊金山市長”。故選B。

30.Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage?

A.Calitbrnia Lawmakers Vote to Raise Smoking Age to 21

B.San Francisco Increased the Age to Buy Tobacco Products to 21

C.Hawaii Has Already Raised the Age Limit to Buy Tobacco

D.A California Bill Faces Opposition from Many Republicans

答案：A

解析：【定位】全文第一句話“The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to21.”;第一段第三句話“…Califomia will become the second state，after Hawaii，to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products.”;第二段最后一句話“The Assembly’s vote calrle a few days after the city of San Francisco in-creased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.”;第三段第二句話“The measure also faced op-position from many Republicans，…”。

綜合分析題。題干問的是“下列哪個最適合作為本文的標題?”根據(jù)定位句分別得出四個選項：A項“加州立法議員在周四投票決定將合法購買煙草的年齡從18歲提高到21歲。”;B項“加州立法委員會的投票是在舊金山將合法購買煙草產(chǎn)品年齡提高到21歲之后進行的。”;C項“加州將成為繼夏威夷之后第二個提高購買香煙和其他煙草產(chǎn)品合法年齡的州”;D項“該項法案遭到了許多共和黨人的反對”。B，C，D三個選項都是具體的表現(xiàn)并不能全面概括文章的主旨，故選A。