2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit6(3)

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　　Unit6(第17講―第19講)

　　4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds.

　　extreme在句中做形容詞用，意思是“極度的”，如：

　　1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (極度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的動物蘇醒。)

　　2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天時，他們將不得不忍受極度的不適。)

　　change…into意思是“把…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，如?/P>

　　1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加熱后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎魵狻?

　　2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去銀行就能很容易地把這些美元換成人民幣。)

　　5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot， liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth.

　　請注意such與so之間的不同用法。such后面接名詞，而so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：

　　1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不會犯這樣的錯誤的。)

　　2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在這樣的雨天里，你怎么能出門?)

　　3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他說話太快，我聽不懂。)

　　4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能來我真高興。)

　　mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一體的)團(tuán)、塊”，比如：

　　1) a mass of hot air(一團(tuán)熱氣)

　　2) a mass of sand(一堆沙)

　　3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一團(tuán)云聚集大量的水蒸氣就形成了雨。)

　　Mass也可以做形容詞用，意思是“群眾的”、“大量的”，如：

　　1) a mass meeting (群眾大會)

　　2) mass education (大眾教育)

　　3) mass media (大眾傳媒)

　　4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以降低成本。)

　　6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust.

　　It is thought that…是一個很常用的句型，類似的句型在英語中很多，比如：

　　1) It is / was， has been…， reported that…

　　2) It is / was， has been…， stated that…

　　3) It is / was， has been…， pointed out that…

　　4) It is / was， has been…， mentioned that…

　　5) It is / was， has been…， believed that…

　　7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed.

　　B. The first known area was in India， where diamonds were found thousands of years ago.

　　定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。A句是限定性定語從句，B句是非限定性定語從句。A、B兩句中都是用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾表示地點的名詞。請看下面的句子，注意限定性定語從句一般不用逗號隔開：

　　1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以買到水果嗎?)

　　2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (這是我們昨天碰頭的地方。)

　　3) The small town， where he once worked， has turned to be a modern city. (他曾經(jīng)工作過的那座小城，已經(jīng)變成現(xiàn)代化的城市了。)

　　8. In the 1600's…(十七世紀(jì))

　　In the 1720's…(十八世紀(jì)二十年代)

　　In the 1800's…(十九世紀(jì))

　　請注意年代的表達(dá)方法，以上的年代也可以表達(dá)為in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我們要表達(dá)“在十七世紀(jì)初(中、末)期”，則可以說in the early(mid， late) 1600's/1600s.

　　9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.

　　become / be popular with / among是一個常用詞組，意思是“受…歡迎”，請看下面的句子：

　　1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (這些中國工藝品很受外國朋友的喜愛。)

　　2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小說很受年輕人的喜愛。)

　　3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音樂受到越來越多的人的喜愛。)

　　10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2，500 yeas of mining the stones.

　　Supply在句子中做名詞用，意思是“供應(yīng)”。Supply常?？梢宰鰟釉~用，意思是“供給，提供”。請看下面的句子：

　　1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求關(guān)系平衡的話，就能實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定。)

　　2) Many materials are in short supply. (許多材料供應(yīng)不足。)

　　3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不斷增長的世界人口將對糧食供應(yīng)帶來重負(fù)。)

　　4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得給他提供一個答案。)

　　5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)都有自來水和電力供應(yīng)。)

　　run out是一個常用詞組，意思是“用完，用盡”。請看例句：

　　1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (時間快到了，我們得快點。)

　　2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。)

　　3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好運(yùn)似乎結(jié)束了。)

　　我們也可以用run out來表達(dá)類似的意思，但run out of的主語應(yīng)該是“某人”。如：

　　1) They have run out of money， so they have to find a job. (他們錢用完了，所以得找一份工作。)

　　2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。)

　　11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds.

　　-ful通常加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如care-careful，help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一個名詞，意思是“一把”，在單詞部分，我們已經(jīng)提到過，英語中有不少這樣的詞，如：

　　1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他給了我滿滿一籃子桃子。)

　　2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往湯里撒了滿滿一勺鹽。)

　　3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (湯姆抱著一捆書。)

　　sort out是一個常用詞組，意思是“整理，分類”，如：

　　1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大點的整理出來，放在盒子里。)

　　2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我們所有的行李整理好花了不少時間。)

　　bottom在句子中做名詞用，意思是“底部”。bottom還有“盡頭、末端”的意思。請看例句：

　　1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壺底部有些沉淀物。)

　　2) At the bottom of the mountain， there is a beautiful village. (在山腳下有個美麗的村子。)

　　3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感謝你。)

　　4) Bottoms up. (干杯。)

　　12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20，000 years ago.

　　where they were formed是where引出的名詞性從句，作介詞from的賓語。請看下面的句子：

　　1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他對事故在哪兒發(fā)生的只字未提。)

　　2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她還沒有決定到哪兒去度假。)

　　13. It flows over boards thickly coated with grease.

　　在本句中的定語從句thickly coated with greases前面省略了which/that are.coat一般做名詞用，意思是“外套”或“(動物的)皮毛”。在本句中coat作動詞用，意思是“在…上涂(包)著”，如：

　　1) These pills are coated with sugar. (這些藥丸外面包著糖衣。)

　　2) Don't jump on the bush piles， they are ice-coated and slippery. (不要在灌木堆上跳，上面蓋著冰，很滑。)

　　14. Since diamonds stick to grease， they are left behind by the rocks and mud which flow down the tables.

　　Stick在本句中的意思是“粘住”。Stick to也可以表示“堅持，遵守”的意思。請看下面的句子：

　　1) I'm sure father hasn't read the book because several pages are stuck together. (我敢肯定父親沒有看過那本書，因為有幾頁還粘在一起。)

　　2) It's important for nurses to stick to the rules. (對護(hù)士來說，遵守規(guī)定是很重要的。)

　　3) Stick to your post and make sure everything is ok. (堅守你的崗位，確保一切正常。)

　　leave behind在本句中的意思是“留下”，這個詞組還可以表示“忘帶;把…丟在后面”。例如：

　　1) Take care not to leave anything behind. (小心別丟下任何東西。)

　　2) Look forward to the bright future and leave all your worries and fears behind. (期盼光明的未來，把所有的擔(dān)心和恐懼拋在身后。)

　　15. Experienced diamond miners can tell a diamond immediately.

　　句子中的tell意思為“判斷;分辨;看出”。如：

　　1) I cannot tell her from her twin sister. (我無法分辨出她和她的孿生妹妹。)

　　2) Can you tell which is my school-bag? (你能分辨出哪一個是我的書包嗎?)

　　3) It is important for you to tell right from wrong. (分辨出正誤很重要。)

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