2014年自考英語(yǔ)一課堂筆記之unit4(3)

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　　Unit4(第11講―第13講)

　　3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.

　　affect 是動(dòng)詞，意思是“影響”。常常會(huì)有一些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者把動(dòng)詞affect和名詞effect混淆，請(qǐng)注意下面的句子：

　　1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場(chǎng)干旱肯定會(huì)影響到收成。)

　　2) Excessive smoking affected his health， bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.(過(guò)度吸煙影響了他的健康，嚴(yán)重的咳嗽使他難以呼吸。)

　　3) Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.(心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為顏色對(duì)人肯定有影響。)

　　4) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場(chǎng)病在的身上的影響。)

　　5) 職務(wù)的變化使他的收入大受影響。(The change in position greatly affected his income.)

　　6) 他的話對(duì)聽(tīng)眾沒(méi)有任何影響作用。(What he said had little effect on the audience.)

　　4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember.

　　that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.

　　不定式to remember 用在做表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) Einstein was easy to get along with.(愛(ài)因斯坦很容易相處。)

　　2) To many foreigners， Chinese is hard to learn.(對(duì)許多外國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)很難學(xué)。)

　　3) The water in this river is not fit to drink.(這條河里的水不適合飲用。)

　　4) This question is very difficult to answer.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。)

　　make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) No matter how you read it， this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.(無(wú)論你怎么讀，我都不理解這個(gè)句子。)

　　2) What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.(讀者們無(wú)法理解作者在書中所要表達(dá)的意思。)

　　3) His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學(xué)生們不理解他的解釋。)

　　5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.

　　動(dòng)詞不定式to remember在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞ability.請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.(你們應(yīng)對(duì)自己完成認(rèn)務(wù)的能力有信心。)

　　2) He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來(lái)的諾言。)

　　3) They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.(他們有克服所有困難的決心。)

　　4) We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.(我們能看出她急于解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)

　　make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.(他說(shuō)的話不會(huì)對(duì)我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)

　　2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作，情況就不一樣了。)

　　3) Money won't make much difference to him.(錢對(duì)他起不了多大作用。)

　　4) I didn't like the appearance of the house， but the location and price made all the difference.(我不喜歡那房子的外觀，但它的位置和價(jià)格起了重要作用。)

　　6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

　　句中的better是副詞well的比較級(jí)形式，意思是“更好地”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) This story is better written than that one.(這個(gè)故事寫得比那個(gè)好。)

　　2) This room is better furnished than that one.(這間屋子裝飾得比那間好。)

　　3) This team is better trained than that one.(這個(gè)隊(duì)訓(xùn)練得比那個(gè)隊(duì)好。)

　　4) This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報(bào)酬比那份高。)

　　information是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能在其后加“-s”。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) There are many ways of obtaining information.(獲得信息的途徑很多。)

　　2) So far I haven't got any information about the game.(我至今還沒(méi)有得到有關(guān)比賽的任何消息。)

　　3) I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.(我肯定這一消息對(duì)他們會(huì)很有價(jià)值。)

　　7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

　　在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對(duì)consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由…組成”，它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成。)

　　2) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(英國(guó)由大不立顛和北愛(ài)爾蘭組成。)

　　3) Their team is made up of 6 team members.(他們隊(duì)由6名隊(duì)員組成。)

　　4) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學(xué)組成。)

　　a bit在句中的意思是“一點(diǎn)，一些”，它可以用在形容詞的前面， 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

　　1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點(diǎn)累。)

　　2) He said he was bit hungry.(他說(shuō)他有點(diǎn)餓。)

　　3) Your article is a bit long for our paper. (你的文章對(duì)我們的報(bào)紙來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)了。)

　　4) He gave the bird a bit of water. (他給了鳥(niǎo)兒一點(diǎn)水。)

　　5) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.(如果你能給我一點(diǎn)寶貴建議我會(huì)很感激的。)

　　6) I only know a bit of Spanish. (我只懂一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)西班牙語(yǔ)。)

　　8. Categorizing is another means of organization.

　　句中的means是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“方式;手段”，它不是動(dòng)詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

　　1) The quickest means of travel is by plane. (最快的旅行方式是乘飛機(jī)。)

　　2) Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. (自行車是最方便的交通工具。)

　　3) Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)

　　4) He means what he says. (他說(shuō)話算數(shù)。)

　　5) Forgetting the past means betrayal. (忘記過(guò)去就意味著背叛。)

　　9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows：

　　group into在句中的意思是“把…分組;把…歸類”。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) We can group the animals into several types. (我們可以把這些動(dòng)物歸成幾類。)

　　2) Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.(把類型相似的單詞歸類，記起來(lái)就更容易了。)

　　as follows 的意思是“如下”，請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) The full text reads as follows： (全文如下：)

　　2) The results are as follows： (結(jié)果如下：)

　　10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately.

　　refer to這一詞組的意思很多，我們?cè)趩卧~部分已做過(guò)講解。該詞組在本句中的意思是“涉及;指”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.(在第二章中，我還會(huì)提到這一點(diǎn)的。)

　　2) The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.(我文章中的數(shù)目字指的是注腳。)

　　3) The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.(作者在他的故事中幾次提到他的祖父。)

　　we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句，前者修飾material，后者修飾something.請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) The book you gave me is very interesting.(你給我的那本書很有趣。)

　　2) The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.(他告訴我的那個(gè)消息使我們大家深感不安。)

　　3) The information you gathered is of great help to me.(你收集的那些信息對(duì)我很有幫助。)

　　句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“與…有關(guān)系”，請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) His talk mainly related to environmental protection.(他的講話主要是關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的。)

　　2) This regulation relates only to children under 12.(這一規(guī)則僅適用于12歲以下兒童。)

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