2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:利用機器人技術(shù)提高工業(yè)效率

　　利用機器人技術(shù)提高工業(yè)效率

　　Robots, becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

　　機器人，發(fā)達國家工廠里越來越普及的一種設(shè)備，經(jīng)過編程和工程設(shè)計就可以不需人工干預(yù)而完成各種工業(yè)作業(yè)。

　　Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. They also load and unload hot, heavy metal forms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.

　　現(xiàn)在的機器人大多用在汽車工業(yè)中，它們按編好的程序接任了汽車和卡車車身的焊接和噴漆這一類的工作。它們也裝卸澆鑄汽車和卡車框架的機器中所用的熾熱、笨重的金屬鑄模。

　　Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors, small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from

　　being exposed to radiation. These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new industry.

　　在汽車工業(yè)上,機器人已經(jīng)取代了人的工作?，F(xiàn)在其他工業(yè)行業(yè)中也開始使用機器人。在這些行業(yè)中,機器人生產(chǎn)電機、小型電器、袖珍式計算器,甚至還造手表。運用在核電站的機器人處理放射性物質(zhì),使核電站工作人員免遭核輻射的傷害。這些機器人可以減少這一新型工業(yè)中與工作有關(guān)的傷害。

　　What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine? Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example, a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines, on the other hand, are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

　　是什么使得機器人是機器人而不是別的什么自動化機器呢?機器人與自動化機器的區(qū)別在于它們在完成一項特定任務(wù)后可由計算機重新編程去執(zhí)行另一項任務(wù)。例如，一個做點焊的機器人做了一個月，可以被重新編程讓它下個月去噴漆。相反，自動化機器無法進行多用途使用，它們造出來就只能做一種工作。

　　The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera, the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but only after years of development.

　　下一代機器人將會有視覺，有觸覺，還會做分析性判斷。精通微電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的工程技術(shù)人員正在為機器人開發(fā)人工視覺。機器人有了“視力”，就能從一堆不同的物體中識別和檢查某一類的物品。機器人的視覺系統(tǒng)中使用了含有許多種光敏材料的電子數(shù)碼相機。當一件物體如機械零件的光照射到相機上時，光敏材料就測量光的強度然后把光線轉(zhuǎn)化成一系列的數(shù)碼。這些數(shù)碼是一個灰度系統(tǒng)的一部分，光的亮度在灰度系統(tǒng)里是以一定范圍的數(shù)值來測量的。一級灰度值從0到15，而另一級灰度值則從0到225。0代表黑，最大值是白，在中間的數(shù)值代表不同的灰度。然后計算機進行計算，并將數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成一幅表明該物體形象的圖像?，F(xiàn)在，還不知道將來的機器人能否具有和人一樣的視覺。技術(shù)人員相信會有那么一天，只是還要經(jīng)過數(shù)年的開發(fā)研究。

　　Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether. to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

　　在其他方面努力取得進展的工程人員正在設(shè)計和實驗新型金屬手臂和手指，使機器人具有觸覺。還有一些技術(shù)人員在編寫新的程序，使機器人能夠作出判斷，例如剔除成品中的壞零件。要想實現(xiàn)這一點，機器人還需要有識別壞零件的能力。

　　These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants, firemen, housekeepers, and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　未來的機器人將集觸覺、視覺和判斷能力于一身，其工作的范圍更為廣闊。人們可以利用它們到海底、到人不能進去的危險礦區(qū)探礦。它們可以充當加油站服務(wù)員、消防隊員、看門人、保安員等等。想要了解未來工業(yè)的人應(yīng)該對機器人有所了解。

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